突发公共卫生事件下城市轨道交通 系统适灾韧性评估

为提升我国城市轨道交通系统适灾韧性水平，对突发公共卫生事件的特点分析，探讨基于突发公共卫生 事件背景下的城市轨道交通系统适灾韧性。从应急处理能力、乘客管理能力和公共管理能力三个方面构建了城市 轨道交通系统适灾韧性评价体系，采用 AHP 和熵权法分别计算指标主客观权重，并以线性加权法进行组合优化 得出最终指标权重分配，在此基础上建立可拓云韧性水平综合评价模型，计算轨道交通系统面对突发公共卫生事 件的适灾韧性水平等级。以重庆轨道交通为例进行模型应用，验证这一模型在城市轨道交通适灾韧性评价中的可 行性和适用性。结果表明：重庆城市轨道交通系统在突发公共卫生事件影响下的适灾韧性整体水平较好，但疫情 舆情管理控制度、乘客防疫知识储备度、收支管理合理度等二级指标韧性等级为中等水平，适灾和恢复能力较弱。 针对韧性等级较低指标分析原因并采取相应措施，可使突发公共卫生事件下城市轨道交通系统适灾韧性水平得到 有效提升。

Disaster Resilience Assessment of Urban Rail Transit Systems under Public Health Emergencies

To promote the disaster resilience level of urban rail transit systems in China, this study analyzed the characteristics of public health emergencies and investigated the disaster resilience of these systems in the context of public health emergencies. An evaluation system for the disaster resilience of urban rail transit systems was constructed from three aspects: emergency handling capability, passenger management capability, and public management capability. The subjective and objective weights of the indicators were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy weighting methods, respectively, and the combinatorial optimization and linear weighting methods were jointly used to obtain the final indicator weights. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation model of the extensive cloud resilience level was established to calculate the level of disaster resilience of rail transit systems in the face of public health emergencies. Using the Chongqing urban rail transit system as a model application, the feasibility and applicability of this model in the evaluation of the disaster resilience of urban rail transit systems were verified. The results show that the overall level of disaster resilience of the Chongqing urban rail transit system under the impact of public health emergencies is satisfactory. However, the resilience level of secondary ndicators is medium for aspects such as degree of control of the public opinion management of an epidemic, knowledge reserve related to passenger epidemic prevention, revenue and expenditure management, and disaster resilience and recovery ability. Analyzing the reasons for the low resilience level and implementing a series of measures can effectively improve the resilience level of urban rail transit systems during public health emergencies.