浅埋车站端厅空间设计及自然光引入研究

地铁车站站型多为地下结构,车站的通风采光模式为机械设备通风和人工设备照明,同时全地下结构型式的车站土建投资相对较大,高架车站和地面车站的建设对城市的区域交通和区域景观会造成一定的影响.通过分析4座已建成投入运营的轨道交通"浅埋明挖"车站设计案例,对车站建设的研究背景、空间设计、自然光引入、精细化设计方案及后期实际运营效果进行了分析.针对该站型在场地适用性、建筑节能、空间效果等方面进行深入研究,提出结合市政绿化带建设将车站设置在路侧绿地下面,减少地铁建设对市政道路和既有管线的迁改,并结合车站土建结构施工"明挖"的特点,减少车站结构埋深,节约投资,提升站厅高度,塑造挺拔舒适的候车空间;同时设置屋面采光天窗,形成车站站厅自然采光通风的效果,减少车站设备系统的投资和后期运维成本.这种绿色节能的创新设计思路在轨道交通建设中得到实际应用,不仅实现了车站"浅埋"的优势和适用性,达到运营经济、设备节能效果,还能营造一种舒适、健康的乘车环境,为后期轨道交通车站设计提供创新思路.

Spatial Design for Natural Lighting of End Hall Stations Built by Open Cutting with Shallow Overburden

Subway stations are mostly underground structures, and their ventilation and lighting modes are mainly mechanical ventilation and artificial lighting. In addition, the civil engineering investment in stations with underground structures is relatively large, and the construction of elevated stations and ground stations will have a certain impact on the traffic and landscape of the city. This study analyzes the research background, space design, natural light introduction, fine design scheme, and actual operation effect of station construction through the design cases of four rail transit stations built by open-cutting with shallow overburden that have been built and brought into operation. Based on an in-depth study on the applicability of the site, energy efficiency of the building, space effect, and other aspects of the station type, it is proposed that the station should be set under the roadside green space in combination with the construction of a municipal green belt to reduce the relocation of municipal roads and existing pipelines caused by subway construction. Considering the characteristics of the civil structure engineering of open cutting, the buried depth of the station structure can be reduced to reduce costs. Concurrently, this strategy increases the height of the station hall, creates a tall and comfortable rear space, and introduce natural lighting and ventilation for the station hall, which reduces the investment of the station equipment system, and subsequently, operation and maintenance costs. This innovative design idea can save energy and has been applied to the construction of domestic rail transit. The design realizes the advantages and applicability of shallow overburden of the station, makes operations economical and the facilities energy efficient, and creates a comfortable and healthy riding environment, which can be referenced for the later design of rail transit stations.