PM2.5 and NOx from traffic: Human health impacts,external costs and policy implications from the Belgian perspective |
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| Authors: | Hans Michiels Inge Mayeres Luc Int Panis Leo De Nocker Felix Deutsch Wouter Lefebvre |
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| Institution: | 1. Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, 149 Moskovsky Prosp., Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russia;2. Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,4 Vtoraja Krasnoarmejskaja St., Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia;3. Vigrig Inc (USA), 36 Clive Hills Rd, Edison, NJ, United States;1. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Environmental Research Group, King''s College London, London, UK;5. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;6. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;7. Environmental Health Exposures Centre for Environmental Health Action (CEHA), World Health Organization (WHO), Jordan;8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;1. CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;3. National Institute of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This article employs an optimized impact pathway approach to marginal external health costs that relies on high-resolution dispersion models calibrated for Belgium and the surrounding areas. Per tonne, the MEHCPM2.5 is found to be many times larger than MEHCNOx, which is currently negative. Further, the impact of Belgian PM2.5 emissions in the immediate area of generation is significantly larger than the impact on more distant areas; the opposite is true for NOx. The MEHCs of both pollutants are predicted to increase in the coming years. Further analysis of the impacts of PM2.5 and NOx reveals that, on average, modern gasoline vehicles outperform their diesel counterparts as far as future emissions are concerned. This contrasts with findings for 2007, which suggested that Euro 5 diesels had fewer associated health costs because of the potential for ozone reduction offered by their NOx emissions. |
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