Operational profiles of ships in Norwegian waters: An activity-based approach to assess the benefits of hybrid and electric propulsion |
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| Institution: | 1. ABB Corporate Research, 72178 Västerås, Sweden;2. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 486, 54124, Greece;1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China;2. Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0LZ, UK;3. School of Marine Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China;4. Ocean Engineering Faculty, Zhejiang University, Zhousan, 316021, China;1. Department of Maritime & Transport Technology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;2. Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy, The Netherlands;3. Damen Shipyards Group, Gorinchem, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Various regulations are imposed on shipping to increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Alternative fuels and power systems are among the solutions for compliance with these regulations. The power system of a ship may not operate optimally because of the diversity of the operational profile during its lifetime. This article uses an activity-based approach and big data from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to study the operational profiles of eight ship types operating in Norwegian waters around mainland Norway in 2016. The aim is to identify ship types that can benefit from electric and hybrid propulsion through analysis of their operational profiles. Close to shore, the operational profiles of various ship types are similar, and all ships spend a great proportion of their time with lower loads. As the distance from shore increases, the operational profiles of various ship types follow distinct trends. Among the considered ship types, reefers spend more operational time close to the diesel engine design condition. On the other hand, offshore and passenger ships show the most dynamic operational profiles and spend a large percentage of their operational time with a partial load, away from diesel engine design conditions. Such ships can benefit from hybridisation, diesel-electric propulsion, and other electric concepts, such as batteries and fuel cells. Another option is to downsize diesel engines for better operation while fuel cells and batteries supply peak and partial loads. Operational profiles are plotted and details of the approach are presented in the article. |
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| Keywords: | Electric propulsion Hybrid propulsion Ship operational profiles Energy efficiency Emissions Automatic identification system |
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