Estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions from petrol and diesel passenger cars by means of on-board monitoring: Effect of vehicle speed,vehicle technology,engine type on emission rates |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, 100084, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality, China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China;2. CATARC Automotive Inspection Center (Wuhan) Company, Wuhan, 430056, PR China;3. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China;4. Hubei Academy of Environmental Science, Wuhan, 430072, PR China;1. AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria;2. Széchenyi István University, Department of Internal Combustion Engines and Propulsion Technology, Egyetem tér 1., 9026 Győr, Hungary;3. AUDI HUNGARIA Zrt, Audi Hungária út 1., 9027 Győr, Hungary;1. CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248005, India;2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat, Gujrat 395 007, India |
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| Abstract: | NOX emission rates of 13 petrol and 3 diesel passenger cars as a function of average speed from 10 to 120 km/h, emission class (pre-Euro 1 – Euro 5), engine type were investigated by on-board monitoring on roads and highways of St. Petersburg using a portative Testo XXL 300 gas analyzer. The highest level of NOX emission 0.5–2.5 g/km was inherent to old pre-Euro 1 petrol cars without a catalytic converter. NOX emissions rates of Euro 1 and Euro 2 petrol cars changed within 0.15–0.9 g/km, Euro 3 – 0.015–0.27 g/km, Euro 4 – 0.013–0.1 g/km, Euro 5 – 0.002–0.043 g/km. Euro 3 – Euro 4 petrol cars generally satisfied corresponding NOX Emission Standards (ES), except cold-start period, Euro 5 petrol cars did not exceed ES. Warmed, stabilized engines of Euro 3 – Euro 5 petrol cars showed 5–10 times lower NOX emission rates than corresponding ES in the range of speed from 20 to 90 km/h. NOX emission rates of diesel Euro 3 and Euro 4 cars varied from 0.45 to 1.1 g/km and from 0.31 to 1.1 g/km, respectively. Two examined diesel Euro 3 and one Euro 4 passenger vehicles did not satisfy NOX ES at real use. Euro 3 diesel cars showed 28.9 times higher NOX emissions than Euro 3 petrol cars and Euro 4 diesel car demonstrated 17.6 times higher NOX emissions than Euro 4 petrol cars at warmed and stabilized engine at a cruise speed ranging from 30 to 60 km/h. |
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| Keywords: | Nitrogen oxides Air pollution Diesel and petrol passenger cars On-board monitoring |
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