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The environmental cost implication of hub–hub versus hub by-pass flight networks
Institution:1. Department of Air Transport, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK;2. Department of Aviation and Maritime Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;1. Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada;2. China Academy of Financial Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;2. Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;3. Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States;4. Department of Management Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 Univ. Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;2. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200233, China;1. Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources, Energy and Sustainable Development, Laboratory for Low Carbon Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. China Automotive Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Abstract:Increasing congestion at major hubs and the advantage to passengers of non-stop flights and faster journey times has intensified the debate on patterns of air service. At the same time the economics of highly focused networks has been challenged by the availability of very economic smaller capacity long-haul aircraft. The purpose of this research is to value the environmental costs of these two patterns of service: hub-to-hub and hub by-pass. Five long-haul markets were evaluated both on a hub to hub and hub by-pass basis. These involved both transatlantic and Europe/Asia flights. It was found that the noise and emissions social cost impact of the hub by-pass networks was significantly lower than the hub to hub in all cases. Differences in environmental costs per passenger depend on the concentration of population around the airports and the degree to which the hub routing involves extra mileage.
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