集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。

The Impact of Rail Transit Investment on Urban System Equilibrium From the Perspective of Agglomeration Economies

With the rapid development of economy and society in China, the contradiction between the agglomeration effect and negative externalities such as traffic congestion brought by the increase in city size is becoming more and more prominent. Optimizing the construction of city transportation infrastructure is an important measure to alleviate this contradiction. This paper considers the agglomeration economy and traffic congestion, constructs and solves a two-zone urban spatial structure model. The effects of the introduction of rail transit and the optimization of road capacity on the city size and urban spatial structure were explored in three cases. The results show that the introduction of rail transit can increase the city size and social welfare,make the city structure more compact. However, with the improvement of the agglomeration economy, government departments should gradually improve public transportation facilities to reduce congestion and increase the share of public travel. And, city planner should also formulate corresponding welfare policies to avoid the outflow of population due to the decline of individual utility.