Validation of an agent-based building evacuation model with a school drill |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management CONICYT/FONDAP/15110017, Santiago, Chile;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;2. SYSTeMS Research Group, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 914, B-9052 Gent, Belgium;3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;4. Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau;1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China;2. Zhejiang & CAS Application Center for Geoinformatics, Zhejiang, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China;4. School of Management, Xinxiang University, Henan, China;1. GIDAI Group – Fire Safety – Research and Technology, University of Cantabria, Ave. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain;2. National Research Council Canada;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Southeast University of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China;2. Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China;3. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;4. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;5. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China |
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| Abstract: | An effective evacuation of buildings is critical to minimize casualties due to natural or anthropogenic hazards. Building evacuation models help in preparing for future events and shed light on possible shortcomings of current evacuation designs. However, such models are seldom compared or validated with real evacuations, which is a critical step in assessing their predictive capacities. This research focuses on the evacuation of a K-12 (kindergarten to 12th grade) school located within the tsunami inundation zone of Iquique, Chile. An agent-based evacuation model was developed to simulate the evacuation of approximately 1500 children and staff from the school during a global evacuation drill carried out for the entire city. The model simulates the motions of heterogeneous human agents, and the simulations were validated using video analysis of the real event. Resulting error estimations between predicted versus measured flow rates and evacuation times are 13.5% and 5.9%, respectively. The good agreement between the simulated and measured values can be attributed to the known distribution of students and staff at the start of the drill, and their known exposure to emergency preparedness protocols. However, the results presented herein show that this mathematical evacuation model can be used for logistical changes in the emergency planning. |
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| Keywords: | Evacuation model Evacuation drill Agent-based modeling Human behavior |
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