Intelligent cruise control systems and traffic flow stability |
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| Institution: | 1. MOE Key Lab. for Urban Transp. Complex Systems Theory & Technology, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China;2. School of Engineering Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Southeast University of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People’s Republic of China;4. Department of Traffic Engineering, School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China;5. Department of Civil & Env. Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA;6. Institute of Systems Engineering, College of Management & Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;1. College of Information Technology, Ningbo Dahongying University, Ningbo, 315175, China;2. Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;3. Faculty of Science, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China;4. Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;2. Department of Mathematics, Temple University, 1805 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;3. Inria, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, GIPSA-lab, F-38000 Grenoble, France;4. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0104, USA;5. Lipscomb University, 1 University Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA;6. Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;7. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA;8. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rutgers University – Camden, 311 N. 5th St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;9. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1025 16th Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA;1. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States;2. Transportation Center, Northwestern University, 600 Foster St., Chambers Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, United States |
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| Abstract: | There are two kinds of stability associated with traffic flow problems – string stability (or car-following stability) and traffic flow stability. We provide a clear distinction between traffic flow stability and string stability, and such a distinction has not been recognized in the literature, thus far. String stability is stability with respect to intervehicular spacing; intuitively, it ensures the knowledge of the position and velocity of every vehicle in the traffic, within reasonable bounds of error, from the knowledge of the position and velocity of a vehicle in the traffic. String stability is analyzed without adding vehicles to or removing vehicles from the traffic. On the other hand, traffic flow stability deals with the evolution of traffic velocity and density in response to the addition and/or removal of vehicles from the flow. Traffic flow stability can be guaranteed only if the velocity and density solutions of the coupled set of equations is stable, i.e., only if stability with respect to automatic vehicle following and stability with respect to density evolution is guaranteed. Therefore, the flow stability and critical capacity of any section of a highway is dependent not only on the vehicle following control laws and the information used in their synthesis, but also on the spacing policy employed by the control system. Such a dependence has practical consequences in the choice of a spacing policy for adaptive cruise control laws and on the stability of the traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control features on the existing and future highways. This critical dependence is the subject of investigation here. |
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