从人员安全疏散的观点研究特长隧道横通道间距

隧道的消防设计应以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标,横通道作为隧道的安全地带,其间距的设置在人员安全疏散中是至关重要的。本文以雪峰山隧道为工程实例,阐述了一种计算横通道间距的方法,并简述了该方法的应用。首先根据特长隧道火灾特点,从人员安全疏散的观点出发,模拟分析特长隧道4种不同火灾场景下的典型自然疏散过程,并运用火灾模拟软件FDS计算不同火灾场景、不同横通道间距情况下的危险时间,然后与相应的包含人员疏散行为特征的疏散时间相比较,得出最适宜的横通道间距,并分析其经济性。其方法和结论可为特长隧道消防系统的设计、紧急疏散方案和引导指挥体系的建立提供理论依据。

A Study on Cross Passage Interval of Super Long Tunnel from Viewpoint of People's Safe Escape

The chief goal of tunnel fire fighting design is to ensure the people's life safety.Cross passage,qua the safety zone of tunnel,its interval is crucial to people's safe escape.A calculate method of cross passage interval in detail using Xuefengshan Tunnel as an object example is described,and the application of the calculate method is also given out briefly.Firstly,typical natural escape process under four fire scenarios is analyzed according to the fire characteristics of super long tunnel from the viewpoint of people's safe escape,the danger times under four fire scenarios with different cross passage intervals are calculated by fire simulation software FDS.Then,compared with escape time which combined with characteristics of people's escape behavior,the optimum cross passage interval is obtained and economical efficiency analyzed.The calculate method and its results would provide theory gist of tunnel fire fighting design,the establishment of the escape direction system and the emergency scheme.