灾后公路交通应急救援通道选择模型

基于灾后路段可通行性、救援时效性及安全性的分析,提出了灾后最优应急救援通道定义。结合历史重大自然灾害救援时间与存活率统计资料,提出了时效性与安全性的最优应急救援通道评价原则,建立了包括路径行驶时间与行车风险的最优应急救援通道评价指标。对评价指标进行标准0~1变化后,构建了应急救援通道的目标函数。按照灾后道路破坏导致的路网交通功能受损情况将其划分为正常运营状态及破坏状态,其中针对路网正常运营的状态提出了行程时间最短、行车安全性最高的最优救援通道搜索算法;对交通中断的路网破坏状态,构建了基于路段破坏位置、抢通耗时、抢险机械设备及人员配备的最优救援通道修复算法。研究结果表明:提高路段抗灾能力、路网冗余度、优化抢险保通技术力量及机械设备储备,是提高灾后应急救援工作的重要途径。

Selection Model of Emergency Rescue Passageway after Highway Disasters

Based on the analysis of road accessibility,timeliness and safety of rescue after disaster,the definition of optimal emergency rescue passageway is put forward.Combining with the historical statistics between survival rate and rescue time after major natural disaster,the evaluation principles of optimal emergency rescue path is proposed.Then,the optimal emergency rescue evaluation index is put forward which including the path travel time and the driving risk.The objective function of emergency rescue path is built based on standard 1-0change of evaluation index.According to the traffic function loss of road after disaster,the road network is divided into normal operation state and failure state.The search algorithm model of optimal emergency rescue path for normal operation state is established which request shortest travel time and highest traffic safety.Besides,the repair algorithm model of optimal emergency rescue path for failure state is also put forward which based on the location of damage road,repair time,emergency rescue equipment and staffing team.The results show that,the important approach to improve the post-disaster emergency rescue work are incorporated by improvement of road anti-disasters capacity,network redundancy,and reserves of rescue equipment.