货车-两轮车前碰撞事故中骑行者运动学响应及损伤分析

为探究货车-两轮车前部碰撞事故中参与双方速度对骑行者运动学响应与损伤的影响，基于MADYMO软件开展事故重建并进行了分析。建立了货车和两轮车的多体碰撞模型，对一起货车前部碰撞两轮车事故进行了事故重建；使用验证后的模型进行了25组不同速度下的全因子仿真试验；分析了不同碰撞速度和骑行速度对骑行者运动学响应和损伤的影响。研究结果表明，骑行者身体旋转幅度会随着两轮车及货车车速的升高而增加；当货车速度超过 20 km/h时，骑行者头部损伤指标 （Head Injury Criterion，HIC） 与胸部3 ms加速度将超过阈值；而当货车速度超过25 km/h时，骑行者下肢接触力也超过阈值；货车速度处于 30～40 km/h时，相同货车速度下，骑行者头部 HIC值出现随着两轮车速度的增加而升高的趋势，而胸部加速度出现相反的趋势。

Analysis of Kinematic Responses and Injuries to Riders in Frontal Collisions Between Trucks and Two-Wheelers

This paper aims to investigate the effects of speed on the kinematic response and injuries of riders in frontal collision accidents between trucks and two-wheelers. For this purposes, multi-body models of the truck and two-wheeled vehicle were established using MADYMO software to reconstruct a frontal collision involving these vehicles. Furthermore, 25 accident simulations were performed at different speeds by employing the validated model. The kinematic responses and injury metrics were analyzed for two-wheeler riders. The results indicate that the extent of body rotation in riders increases with the speed of both the two-wheeler and the truck. The riders face a high risk of severe head and chest injuries when the truck''s impact speed exceeds 20 km/h, and a notable risk of serious lower extremity injuries when the truck speed exceeds 25 km/h. At truck speeds between 30 km/h to 40 km/h, there is a trend of increasing HIC values for the rider''s head with an increase in two-wheeler speed, while the trend for chest acceleration is opposite.