全承载客车正面碰撞吸能器设计与验证

为开发大型全承载客车碰撞吸能器，通过整车正面碰撞有限元仿真分析，确定了吸能器合理的吸能量和压溃力，以压溃力为目标进行吸能器结构参数设计。采用铝合金和DP600钢试制了吸能器样件，通过静态压溃试验对比不同吸能器的压溃力和变形模式，并通过台车碰撞和整车碰撞试验验证吸能器性能。结果表明，铝合金吸能器的压溃变形模式稳定，材料没有撕裂现象，在正面碰撞、偏置碰撞、斜角碰撞等多种碰撞工况下都能产生良好变形，满足整车碰撞安全性的要求。

Design and Validation of an Energy Absorber for Monocoque-Body Coaches in Frontal Impact

In order to develop an energy absorber for the monocoque-body coach in frontal impact, the whole-coach frontal impact simulation was conducted. The reasonable energy absorption and the crushing force of the absorber were determined, based on which the structural parameters were designed. The prototypes of the energy absorber were made in aluminum alloy and DP600 steel and the corresponding crushing force and deformation modes were compared through static press tests. The performance and crushing modes of the absorber were validated by the sled impact test and the frontal impact test of the coach. The results show that the energy absorber made in aluminum alloy deforms well in frontal impact, offset frontal impact and oblique impact, with stable crushing modes and without rapture. The designed energy absorber can meet the safety requirements for the whole coach in frontal impact.