考虑损伤下的汽车吸能盒轴向压缩特性研究

用有限元软件ABAQUS对钢质、铝合金质吸能盒的吸能特性进行对比研究，采用不同的损伤模型模拟材料的变形行为，比较了两种吸能盒轴向压缩距离、变形模式、评价指标的变化特性。结果表明，数值模拟下吸能盒的轴向压缩距离和变形模式与试验结果吻合。在冲击速度为10 m/s的低速碰撞下，铝合金质吸能盒吸收的能量与钢质吸能盒相比减少了6%；钢质吸能盒的吸能效率为35.5 kJ/mm，比铝合金质吸能盒高。铝合金质吸能盒相较于钢质吸能盒在压缩过程中形成了明显的折叠褶皱，边缘处材料失效，单元被移除。吸能盒的评价指标中铝合金质吸能盒的比吸能 （SEA）、峰值碰撞力 （PCF） 均比钢质吸能盒更优，钢质吸能盒的吸能量 （EA）、平均碰撞力 （MCF） 比铝合金质吸能盒更优。铝合金相比钢更适合作为中低速碰撞时车用吸能盒的材料。

Research on Axial Compression Characteristics of Automobile Energy Absorbing Box Under Damage Conditions

The energy absorption characteristics of steel and aluminum alloy crash cans were compared and studied by using the finite element software ABAQUS. The deformation behavior of the material was simulated for different damage models, and the changes in the axial compression distance, deformation modes and evaluation indicators of the two crash cans were compared. The simulation results of the axial compression distance and deformation modes are in good agreement with the experimental results. For a collision at low speed of 10 m/s, the energy absorbed by the aluminum alloy crash can is 6% less than that absorbed by the steel crash can, which has higher energy-absorbing efficiency of 35.5 kJ/mm. The aluminum alloy crash can deformed obviously during the compression process, and the compressed part was removed.Considering the evaluation indicators of energy-absorbing boxes, the specific energy absorption(SEA) and the peak impact force(PCF) values of the aluminum alloy crash can are higher and better than those of the steel crash can. The steel crash can has better values for the indicators of the energy absorption(EA) and mean impact force(MCF). Aluminum alloys are more suitable than steel as energy-absorbing materials for