基于两种正面碰撞的轿车耐撞性能仿真与改进研究

以某轿车为研究对象,建立了整车有限元模型,基于GB 11551—2003《乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护》和欧洲正面碰撞法规ECE R94.01进行碰撞数值仿真,针对原车在两种正面碰撞中耐撞性能的不足,提出对主要吸能件进行结构改进与材料替换的方案。仿真计算结果表明,在整车质量仅增加3.05kg的情况下,改进方案使整车在正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞中加速度峰值降低了6.1g,在偏置40%重叠可变形壁障碰撞中乘员舱侵入量有明显减小。

Simulation and Improvement of Vehicle Crashworthiness for Two Types of Frontal Impacts

The finite element model of a passenger car is built, and a crash simulation is conducted according .to the standards of GB 11551--2003 and ECE R94.01. Aiming at the inadequate crashworthiness of the car in two types of frontal crash, a scheme of structural improvement and material replacement for key energy absorbing parts is proposed and a simulation is performed. The simulation results show that with the gross vehicle mass increasing by only 3.05kg, the peak deceleration is reduced by 6. lg in full front impact with rigid barrier, and the compartment intrusion decreases remarkably in 40% offset front impact with offset deformable barrier.