沉管隧道常见病害及检查维护思考

为解决沉管隧道养护规范缺乏、巡检养护盲区多等问题，在隧道养护规范的基础上，对现有相关文献进行总结。以钢筋混凝土结构沉管隧道为例，首先，将沉管隧道常见病害分为主体结构病害、接头部位病害和附属结构病害3大类，并详述不同病害的成因及外观表现； 然后，从预防性维护角度出发，提出沉管隧道巡检检查体系，巡检检查工作除日常巡查、经常检查、定期检查、应急检查和专项检查外，还应开展初始检查，并在运营期间采用健康监测系统对结构安全进行实时监测； 最后，根据沉管隧道检查维护的可能发展趋势，对标准化养护体系建设、遮挡隐蔽病害检测监测技术和少干扰快速检测技术等进行探讨。

Consideration on Common Diseases of Immersed Tunnel and Its Inspection and Maintenance

In order to solve the problems of immersed tunnel maintenance, i.e. lacking of maintenance specifications and exiting blind areas of inspection and maintenance, research is carried out based on technical specifications for common tunnel maintenance and existing related literatures. Firstly, setting the typical engineering of concrete immersed tunnel as an example, the diseases of immersed tunnel are classified into three categories, i.e. main structure diseases, joint diseases and attachment structure diseases, and then all the causes and appearances of diseases are described in detail. Then from the perspective of preventive maintenance, the inspection system of immersed tunnel is proposed, i.e. besides routine inspection, regular inspection, periodic inspection, emergency inspection and special inspection, initial inspection should be contained in patrol inspection and structural safety should be monitored in real time by health monitoring system during operation period. At last, according to development trend of immersed tunnel maintenance, the establishment of standardized maintenance system, the detection of hidden diseases and the rapid detection technology with less interference are discussed.