公路隧道运营典型风险辨识

为加强对公路隧道运营风险的辨识、改善和优化公路隧道运营安全，降低重大隧道事故对人员伤亡、隧道结构、设备和经济收益的损失，通过隧道事故调研和大数据技术，收集近些年在全国范围内发生的802起公路隧道事故，对公路隧道自身特性和隧道事故的时间、空间、类型、诱因等特征进行分析。研究结果表明： 1)外界因素对隧道事故影响较大，在高温和车流量较大的环境下，事故发生较多； 2)特长隧道和长隧道的事故数远高于短隧道和中隧道； 3)小型车是隧道内发生事故的主要车型，事故原因多是驾驶员违规驾驶，事故类型多为追尾事故； 4)火灾事故的诱因多为车辆自身故障，其中危化品泄露多为易燃液体泄露。

Typical Risk Identification of Highway Tunnel Operation

In order to strengthen the identification of highway tunnel operation risks, improve and optimize the safety of highway tunnel operations, and reduce the loss of casualties, tunnel structure, equipment and economic benefits of major tunnel accidents, 802 highway tunnel accidents that have occurred nationwide in recent years are collected, and the characteristics of road tunnels and the time, space, type and incentives of tunnel accidents are analyzed based on tunnel accident investigation and big data technology. The results show that: (1) The external factors have a great impact on tunnel accidents; in the environment with high temperature and traffic flow, more accidents occur. (2) The number of accidents in extra long tunnels and long tunnels is much higher than that in short tunnels and medium tunnels. (3) The small sized vehicles are the main vehicles caused accidents in tunnels; most of the accidents are caused by driving illegally; and the types of accidents are mostly rear end collisions. (4) The fire accidents are mostly caused by the failure of the vehicle itself; and the hazardous chemical is mostly the leakage of flammable liquids.