汶川地震后10年公路明（棚）洞病害及处治工程的启示

为剖析明（棚）洞病害机制，指导工程建设，通过对G213映汶路、G213川汶路、G317汶马路、G245乌甘路、S209龙三路、S463亚三路6条公路上40余座“5·12”汶川地震后建成的钢筋混凝土明（棚）洞在经历地震、暴雨等灾害以后的跟踪调查，全面统计明（棚）洞病害分布，系统描述病害类型，详细分析病害成因、处理措施及效果。研究结果表明，明（棚）洞建设应做好以下工作： 1)做好选址及调查工作，合理估算冲击荷载并优选结构; 2)设置可靠的防冲结构确保下边坡稳定; 3)加强结构抗冲击能力研究并科学设置缓冲层; 4)重视施工期安全防护并确保施工质量。

Lessons Learnt from Disease and Treatment Engineering of Opencut (Shed) Tunnels in 10 Years after Wenchuan Earthquake

More than 40 opencut (shed) tunnels on G213 Yingwen Road, G213 Chuanwen Road, G317 Wenma Road, G245 Wugan Road, S209 Longsan Road and S463 Yasan Road built after 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake were tracked and investigated after the earthquake, rainstorm and other disasters. A comprehensive statistics on the distribution of diseases are made, the types of diseases are systematically described, and the causes, treatment measures and effects are analyzed in detail. The results show that the following works should be done well in the construction of opencut(shed) tunnels: (1) site selection and investigation, reasonabe estimation of the impact load, and optimal structure selection; (2) reliable anti impact structure to ensure the stability of the lower slope; (3) strengthening study of the impact resistance of the structure and buffer layer setting up; (4) safety protection during construction period and construction quality guarantee.