风-列车-桥系统耦合振动研究综述

风-列车-桥（简称风-车-桥）系统耦合振动涉及多学科交叉，是双重随机激励作用下的时变耦合系统，是研究列车抗风安全性的主要方法之一。从提出风-车-桥的概念以来，国内外学者对此进行了大量的研究，取得了积极的进展，为进一步促进风-车-桥系统耦合振动的研究，从车-桥系统风荷载、车-桥耦合模型、风-车-桥耦合模型三部分出发，对风-车-桥系统研究的一些重要成果进行回顾和介绍。其中，车-桥系统风荷载部分包含静风力、抖振力（脉动风模拟和气动导纳）、风载突变效应3个方面；静风力方面，回顾车-桥静动态系统气动特性的风洞试验方法及数值模拟方法，讨论不同试验和分析方法的优缺点及其适用的情况；抖振力方面，介绍脉动风模拟方法以及气动导纳的计算方法；风载突变方面，介绍横风作用下列车过桥塔及双车交会时风洞试验和数值模拟方法。车-桥耦合振动模型部分，回顾车辆分析模型和车-桥系统的求解方法。风-车-桥耦合模型部分包含分析模型、耦合机理和实际应用3个方面，回顾风-车-桥系统的耦合机理，结合实例介绍风-车-桥系统耦合振动方法的实际应用。最后，结合当前风-车-桥系统研究的不足之处，提出车-桥动态系统气动特性的风洞试验技术、风-车-桥系统的精细化分析模型、现场实测、可靠度及其评价准则是其今后的主要研究方向。

Review on Coupling Vibration of Wind-vehicle-bridge Systems

The coupling vibration of wind-rail/vehicle-bridge (WVB) systems is a popular subject in many disciplines and it represents a time-varying coupling system under double random excitations. It is an important concept and corresponds to a primary method for studying the wind safety of trains. Since the introduction of WVB systems, scholars have conducted a large amount of research on them and made positive progress. To promote research on the coupling vibration of WVB systems, which include three parts-the wind load of vehicle-bridge systems, the vehicle-bridge coupling model, and the WVB coupling model-some important achievements of WVB systems were briefly reviewed and introduced. The wind load of vehicle-bridge systems includes three aspects: static wind force, buffeting force (fluctuating wind simulation and aerodynamic admittance), and sudden changes of wind load. For the static wind force, wind tunnel test methods and numerical simulations of the aerodynamic characteristics for static and dynamic vehicle-bridge systems were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different test and analysis methods and their applications were discussed. For the buffeting force, the simulation method of fluctuating wind and the calculation method of aerodynamic admittance were introduced. For a sudden change of wind load, the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation methods for of a train passing a tower and two trains meeting each other under crosswinds were introduced. For the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration model, the vehicle analysis model and the solution method of the vehicle-bridge system were briefly reviewed. The WVB coupling model includes three aspects: the analysis model, coupling mechanism, and practical application. In the following section, the coupling mechanism of the WVB system was analyzed, and several applications of the coupling vibration method of WVB systems were introduced. Finally, the shortcomings of current research on WVB systems were presented along with possible research directions, including wind tunnel test technology of aerodynamic characteristics of dynamic vehicle-bridge systems, a fine analysis model, field measurement, and reliability and evaluation criteria of WVB systems.