环保缓释型主动融冰雪涂层材料研究

为解决目前冬季融冰雪成本高、环保性差的问题，首先基于医学制药中的"缓控释"思想，确定涂层材料的组成，为使表面能较高的亲水性填料、补强剂与表面能较低的树脂能有效结合，采用偶联剂对组分中的填料和补强剂进行表面改性处理，用高分子纤维素分别制备疏水型与亲水型包衣溶液，对环保型融雪剂进行包衣成膜，研究其微观形貌以评价成膜状况；然后通过融冰雪试验确定涂层溶液的最佳涂刷量，研究涂层的抗黏附性能与缓释持久性，通过分析涂层的微观形貌特征，揭示其缓控释融冰雪机理；最后分别通过研究融冰雪涂层的耐水性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性分析其耐久性能，通过分别分析融冰雪涂层对植物生长和金属腐蚀的影响以评价其环保性能。研究结果表明：亲水型与疏水型包衣溶液的掺配比例是1：8，环保型主动融冰雪涂层溶液的最佳涂刷量为0.65 kg·m^-2，融冰雪涂层具有良好的缓释持久性和抗黏附性能；在融冰雪过程中，包衣薄膜吸水溶胀，溶解缠绕在包衣薄膜表面的亲水型高分子纤维素，使镶嵌在包衣表面的抗黏剂及致孔剂碎片脱落，在包衣薄膜表面形成孔洞，渗出融雪剂晶体，包衣薄膜成功地发挥缓释作用；水进入包衣膜内后溶解融雪剂，浓度升高，渗透压增大，融雪溶液便渗出包衣薄膜，融化冰雪；环保型主动融冰雪涂层具有良好的经济、环保和耐久性。

Coating Material for Environmental Sustained Release Active Melting of Ice and Snow

To overcome the problems of high cost and poor environmental protection resulting in the melting of ice and snow, the components of coating materials were determined based on the idea of medical pharmaceutical "sustained and controlled release." To combine higher-surface-energy hydrophilic fillers and reinforcing agents with lower-surface-energy resins effectively, surface modifications of fillers and reinforcing agents were conducted by using coupling agents in a hydrophobic coating solution. Hydrophilic coating solutions were prepared using high molecular cellulose, and a coating film of an environmentally friendly snow-melting agent was applied. The micromorphology of the coating material was investigated to evaluate the formation of the film. Then, the optimal amount of coating solution was determined through an ice-and snow-melting test for a pavement simulated with the specimens. The sustained release persistence and antiadhesion performance of the coating material were studied. The mechanism of melting ice and snow for a sustained release coating was revealed by analyzing the microscopic morphological characteristics of the coating. Finally, the durability of the coating was analyzed by studying its water, wear, and corrosion resistance. The environmental protection performance of the coating was evaluated by analyzing the effect of the coating on plant growth and metal corrosion due to the melting of ice and snow. The results indicate that the mixing proportion of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic coating solutions is 1:8. The optimal amount of coating material for environmental sustained release active melting of ice and snow is 0.65 kg·m^-2. The sustained release persistence and antiadhesion performance of the coating material are found to be optimal. As the ice and snow melt, the coating film absorbs water and swells. Eventually, the hydrophobic high molecular cellulose winding on the coating film surface dissolves. The antiadhesion agent and pore-forming agent fragments inlayed on the coating surface fall off. Holes form on the coating film surface, and crystals of the snowmelt agents seep into the ice and snow. The sustained release effect of the coating film is successful. Water entering the coating film dissolves the snowmelt agent, the concentration of the snowmelt agent increases, the osmotic pressure of the snowmelt agent increases, and the snowmelt solution seeps from the coating film to melt the ice and snow. Therefore, environmental sustained release active melting of ice and snow is economical, environmentally friendly, and durable.