感应充电路面技术研究现状与展望

以感应充电技术(Inductive Power Transfer,IPT)为主要特征的充电路面(Electrified Road,e-Road)近年来发展迅速，其可为行进中的电动汽车进行动态无线充电，有效解决电动汽车充电时间过长、续航里程不足等问题，是支撑未来公路交通电气化发展的重要储备技术。详细介绍了IPT系统的工作原理和性能特点，并总结了已有e-Road试验段的充电性能参数和技术就绪度水平。在此基础上，进一步从基础设施角度剖析了e-Road目前存在的主要工程问题及相关研究进展，内容包括：①深入分析了IPT系统工作时因高频磁场通过介电性路面材料所引起的电磁损耗对IPT系统充电效率的影响，并提出了可能的解决方法；②针对充电模块与普通沥青路面存在的力学兼容性问题，从结构受力原理、材料损伤特性等方面总结了e-Road复合结构产生力学损伤加剧效应的原因，并提出了耐久性优化措施；③针对e-Road环境可持续方面存在的不确定性，评估并对比了e-Road与传统道路的全生命周期环境效益，指出了e-Road环境性能研究对电动汽车全生命周期综合效益估算的重要性。此外，还从政策支持、安全性、价格因素等角度对e-Road进行了综合可行性评估，并对充电路面基础设施的未来发展进行了智能化展望，提出了e-Road与其他新型智能道路技术进行有机融合的可能途径。

A State-of-the-art Review on IPT-based Electrified Road Technology

Electrified Road (e-Road), which is mainly characterized by Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), has been developing rapidly in recent years. It can provide dynamic wireless charging for moving electric vehicles, effectively solving the problems of long charging time and insufficient range of electric vehicles, and is an important reserve technology to support the development of electrification of road transportation.This review details the operating principles and performance characteristics of the IPT system and summarizes the charging performance parameters and TRL of existing e-Road test sections.On this basis, the main engineering problems and related research progress of e-Road are further analyzed from the perspective of infrastructure, including: ① an in-depth analysis of the impact of electromagnetic loss caused by high-frequency magnetic field through dielectric pavement materials on the charging efficiency of the IPT system and possible solutions; ② in view of the mechanical incompatibility between charging unit and asphalt pavement, the causes of the mechanical damage to the e-Road composite structure are inquired and potential optimization measures are proposed; ③ the life-cycle environmental performance of e-Road and conventional roads were assessed and compared, from which the environmental performance of e-Road is important and should be included in the full life-cycle sustainability framework for assessing the benefit of using electric vehicles.In addition, a comprehensive feasibility analysis of e-Road is conducted,in terms of policy support, safety, and price factors. An outlook is made on the future development of charging road infrastructure, including discussions over possible means to integrate e-Road with other new smart road technologies.