独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置波浪荷载研究

以跨海航道桥梁安全为背景，进行独柱墩及独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置结构波浪力研究。开展室内缩尺试验，验证并校准Fluent三维数值模型的准确性和有效性。利用最小二乘法分解墩柱水动力为Morison方程的形式，计算得到结构水动力系数。考虑波浪高度、波浪周期、防撞装置断面形状和大小等影响因素，计算并拟合出墩柱水动力系数与相关因素间的定量关系。研究结果表明：固定式防船撞装置的存在增大了墩柱表面所受波压强，但不改变其总体分布趋势。当防撞装置断面为矩形，且波浪高度较大时，装置对墩柱受力特性的影响最明显。墩柱结构所受水动力中惯性力占主导，且可用均匀分布的惯性力系数来代替实际分布，独柱墩-固定式防船撞装置结构上的惯性力系数可以达到2.1左右。

Research on Wave Load of Single-column Pier with Fixed Anti-collision Device

Based on the safety of cross-sea channel bridges, the wave forces of single-column piers and single-column piers with fixed anti-collision devices were studied. To verify and calibrate the accuracy and effectiveness of Fluent 3D numerical model, a scale experiment was conducted. The least squares method was used to decompose the hydrodynamic force of the pier column into the Morison equation, and the structural hydrodynamic coefficient was calculated. Considering the influencing factors such as wave height, wave period, section shape, and size of the anti-collision device, the quantitative relationship between the hydrodynamic coefficient of the pier and relevant factors was calculated and fitted, providing a reference for engineering practice. The results show that the existence of the fixed anti-collision device increases the wave pressure on the pier but does not change the distribution trend. When the section of the anti-collision device is rectangular and the wave height is large, the effect of the device on the stress characteristics of the pier is the most obvious. The results also show that the inertial force is dominant in the hydrodynamic force of the pier structure, and the uniform distribution of the inertial force coefficient can be used to replace the actual distribution. The inertial force coefficient on a single-column pier with a fixed anti-collision device reached 2.1.