弹性需求下高速公路超限补偿费率优化模型

为了准确刻画超限需求弹性对补偿费率的影响，从用户和系统的角度分别对超限运输的收益和成本进行分析和建模，构造超限运输弹性需求函数，反映超限运输需求量与其运输效益之间的变化关系，将超限运输业者运输行为的选择归结为弹性需求下的用户均衡配流问题，进而利用高速公路管理者与超限运输业者之间的Stackelberg博弈关系，建立了基于弹性需求的高速公路超限补偿费率的双层规划优化模型，并设计了基于模拟退火算法求解的优化算法。结果表明：模型能较好地优化超限补偿费率，使之对超限运输业者进行合理补偿收费和适度惩罚，有效遏制超限运输，从而产生更大的社会与经济效益。

Optimization Model on Expressway Reimbursement Rate on Oversize Vehicles with Elastic Demands

In order to portray the effect of oversize transport elastic demand on reimbursement rate on oversize vehicles accurately,through analyzing and modeling oversize vehicles’ benefit and cost from the perspective of users and systems,establishing the oversize transport elastic demand function to reflect the relation between oversize transport demand and its transport benefit,and concluding oversize transport carriers’ travel behavior as the distribution problem of user equilibrium assignment with elastic demands,the bi-level programming model for making expressway reimbursement rate of oversize vehicles with elastic demands was set up by utilizing the Stackelberg game relation between expressway managers and oversize transport carriers,and the optimal algorithm based on the simulated annealing algorithm was designed.The results show that the model can effectively optimize the reimbursement rate,make toll reasonable and punish on the oversize transport carriers appropriate so as to bring more social and economic benefit.