隧道危石识别及防控研究现状与发展趋势

隧道危石垮塌防控是隧道安全建设面临的重大理论与技术难题,针对危石垮塌机理复杂且缺乏有效的探测技术及方法,难以对其实现有效防控的问题,在系统整理国内外研究资料的基础上,从隧道危石地质调查、危石识别理论、危石监测及控制方法3个方面总结了隧道危石识别与防控的研究现状。在隧道危石地质调查方面,数字罗盘接触测量、近景摄影测量、激光扫描已成为支撑隧道危石地质调查发展的三驾马车,初步形成了基于结构面网络模拟的三维岩体结构信息集成分析方法;在隧道危石识别方面,危石静态及动态识别理论研究取得长远发展,初步形成了静-动结合的隧道危石稳定性判识方法;在隧道危石监测及控制方面,虽然做了一些工作,但尚未形成有效的隧道危石监测及控制技术方法。随后结合笔者团队正在开展的研究工作,系统阐述了现有隧道危石防控理论及技术的不足,并对隧道危石防控对策进行了相关探讨,认为隧道危石防控的研究重点和趋势有以下3点：物-钻-表三位一体的岩体结构探测方法;岩体结构模型跨尺度联合重构方法;隧道危石"点-域"同步监测及靶向控制技术。研究结果可为广大研究者和应用者提供了一个探讨的基本框架,并为本领域研究提供了一定的参考。

State and Trends of Dangerous Rock Prevention and Control During Tunnel Construction

The prevention and control of dangerous rocks rolling down is a significant theoretical and technical problem faced during tunnel construction. Owing to an unclear mechanism and lack of effective detection methods, achieving effective prevention and control is difficult. The state and trends of the prevention and control of dangerous rocks are summarized according to available data in three aspects-information acquisition and integration, stability identification of dangerous rock, and monitoring and control of dangerous rock. With respect to information acquisition and integration, digital compass measurement technology, close-range photogrammetry, and laser scanning technology have been developed and a three-dimensional rock mass information integration analysis method based on structural surface network simulation has been initially established. With respect to stability identification of dangerous rocks, a static and dynamic combination method for identifying dangerous rocks has been preliminarily established. Although some research has been conducted on the monitoring and control of dangerous rocks, an effective method for monitoring and controlling dangerous rock in tunnels has not yet been established. Based on existing research work being carried out by the author's team, this article systematically elaborates the existing problems with regard to the prevention, control theory and technology related to dangerous rocks in tunnels. We also discussed the trends for the prevention and control measures for dangerous rocks and considered that the following three aspects denote research priorities and trends:The combination detection method for geophysical exploration, drilling, and surface scanning for rock structure detection. The cross-scale modeling method for rock mass structure. The synchronous monitoring method of key point and dangerous zone and targeted control technology of dangerous rocks. This paper provides a reference for the research in this field and also provides a basic framework for discussion with various researchers and applicators.