虢誌化路口行人早开时相舆控制策略之研究

以行人早开时相为切入点，尝试让部分行人流能够安全地通过路口之人车冲突区域，以兼顾安全与效率。为了充分了解人车特性，针对行人步行速率，行人起动延滞与车辆右转与行人冲突之特性进行研究调查。另外为了了解在实施行人早开时相之过程中，不同早开长度影响冲突行人敷多寡，故以行人在行人穿越道之扩散模式为基础，推估绿灯时间行人穿越道冲突区冲突行人数之预测模式，以充分掌握行人可能受车辆冲突之状况。在个案研究中，以成本之概念将延滞与冲突统一单位进行比较，发现行人早开时相在行人流每小时1000人以下之情境下，较行人专用时相之成本低。而在车流量接近道路容量的情形下，不适合使用长度较长之行人早开时相或行人专用时相，建议采用较短（4s）之行人早开时相。右转转向比小於0．1时，行人早开时相运作成本较低。当右转比大於0．1时，由於右转车辆将严重与行人流冲突，使得人车冲突成本增高，行人专用时相因无人车冲突成本，故适用於此情境。而在多车道环境下需采用行人早开控制，且右转比小於0．4时，建议可以采用独立之右转专用车道与右转专用号志时相，以减少直行车无谓之延滞。

Pedestrian Leading Phase Interval and Control Strategy of the Traffic Signal at Intersections

This study, based on leading pedestrian interval （LPI）, tries to make part of the pedestrian flow safely through the intersection of the conflict zone by taking the safety and efficiency into account. In the case studies, the paper finds out that the LPI is useful when there are less than 1000 per hour on the crosswalk, and the cost of LPI is lower than pedestrian phase. When the traffic is close to the road capacity in the case, it is not suitable for long length LPI or pedes trian phase. In this case, a shorter （4 seconds） LPI for pedestrian is recommended. When the right turning ratio is less than 0.1, the LPI will lower operating costs. When the right turning ratio is greater than 0.1, there will be a serious conflict for the right turning vehicles with the pedestrian flow, which makes the costs of conflict higher. It is applicable to pedestrian phase due to the low cost of conflict. In the multi lane environments the use of LPI control is required. When the right turning ratio of less than 0.4, the exclusive right turning lanes and exclusive right turning signal phase can he used in order to reduce unnecessary travel delay.