上海市防御台风战略对策探讨

近20多年来,上海市进行了大量的防汛设施基本建设,有效地提高了防汛能力,但面对日益严峻的气候条件和日益提高的减灾保安要求,上海的防汛形势仍不容乐观,需要及时采取必要的对策措施。该文从上海台风情况和防汛的基本形势分析入手,探讨了对上海防汛有决定性影响的黄浦江、外围海塘和市区排水三方面存在的主要问题,提出尽快在黄浦江河口建设挡潮闸、评价海塘防御能力,并采取措施确保越浪不垮堤和限制超标准台灾范围、以及加大蓄排能力并完善涝水调度预案等对策设想。

Approaching Strategy and Countermeasures to Defend Against Typhoon in Shanghai

Over the last 20 years and more, large quantity of the capital construction of flood control facilities have been carried out in Shanghai so as to effectively enhance the capability of the flood control. Facing the more and more severe climate condition and the increasingly enhanced requirements of the disaster reduction and safety guarantee, the flood control situation of Shanghai is not tolerated optimistically. It is required to take the necessary countermeasures in time. From the analysis of the typhoon condition and the basic situation of the flood control in Shanghai, the article discusses the main problems existing in three aspects of Huangpu River, peripheral seawall and urban drainage decisively influencing the flood control in Shanghai, puts forward the countermeasures and ideas to construct the tide retaining gate at the river mouth of Huangpu River as quickly as possible, evaluates the defensive capability of seawall, and take the measures to ensure the exceeding wave without the dyke burst, to limit the over-standard typhoon disaster range, to strengthen the storage and drainage capability and to perfect the flood water regulating preparation scheme.