船员工作负荷检测方法研究综述

水上交通安全是水路运输领域的研究热点，船员驾驶行为及决策对水上交通安全有直接的影响，而驾驶行为表现及决策的制定与工作负荷密切相关。因此，船员工作负荷检测研究对预防人为因素导致的水上交通安全事故具有重要意义。通过对船员工作负荷影响因素进行梳理分析，发现个体因素、驾驶任务、驾驶环境以及船舶工况等是影响工作负荷的主要因素。从主观评测方法、任务绩效测量方法和生理数据检测方法3个方面对船员工作负荷检测研究方法进行归纳总结。总结发现:任务绩效测量方法在研究过程中存在一定局限性，主观评测和生理数据检测方法具有易获取数据、对驾驶过程干扰较小等优势，是现阶段较为主流的方法。指出了船员工作负荷检测研究的发展趋势，主要包括工作负荷定量化研究、工作负荷综合评价模型构建、多因素工作负荷影响研究、船员工作负荷实时监测系统构建。 

A Review on the Methods of Detecting Workload of Seafarers

Maritime safety is a research hotspot in waterway transportation.The driving behaviors and options of seafarers directly affect maritime safety and are related to workload.Therefore, studying workload detection of seafarers is of great significance to prevent maritime accidents caused by human factors.First, individual factors, driving tasks, driving environment, and ship working conditions are the main factors on seafarers'workload.Then, some methods of seafarer workload detection are summarized from subjective evaluation method, task performance measurement method, and physiological data-detection method.There are some limitations in the research process of task performance measurement methods.Subjective evaluation and physiological data-detection methods are mainstream because of easy access to data and less interference to driving.Finally, it points out the development trends of seafarer workload detection: quantitative research on workload, construction of the comprehensive evaluation model of workload, the influence of multiple factors on workload, and construction of monitoring system to detecting workload of seafarers.