中国海员心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

采用证状自评量表（SCL－90）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和驾驶员情绪状态量表（DPOMS），对随机抽取的235名中国海员的心理健康状况进行了问卷调查。结果表明：（1）中国海员的SCL－90总分及各因子分均显著高于全国常模，主要的心理问题为强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁和偏执，达到或超过中等严重程度者约占8．9％。（2）中国海员的年龄、工种和职务等因素对SCL－90的少数因子有显著影响，对大多数因子无显著影响。（3）中国海员的社会支持因子与SCL－90的大多数因子呈显著负相关，主观支持分显著高于客观支持分。（4）中国海员的消极情绪因子与SCL－90务因子呈显著正相关，积极情绪因子与SCL－90的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、敌对等因子呈显著负相关。（5）由愤怒、疲劳、慌乱及支持利用度等预测变量建立的标准化回归方程对中国海员的心理健康状况有较高的预测精度，具有良好的预测力。

Study of Chinese Seafarers' Mental Conditions and Influencing Factors

By applying SCL-90, SSRS and DPOMS, the mental conditions of 235 randomly sampled Chinese seafarers are studied. The results show: 1. The sum of Chinese seafarers' SCL-90 and grades of every factor are higher than that of the national average, their main mental problems are forced symptom, interpersonal relationship and depression, about 8.9% of them has reached a relatively serious degree; 2. The age, job and position etc. of the Chinese seafarers has obvious effect only on few factors of the SCL-90; 3. The Chinese seafarers' society support factors appear quite opposite to most of the SCL-90 factors, their subjective support grade is obviously higher than objective support grade; 4. The negative emotion factors of the Chinese seafarers appear quite related to every SCL-90 factor, while the active emotion factors appear quite opposite to the SCL-90 factors; 5. A better accuracy can be achieved by using the standard regression equation which consists of variables such as rage, fatigue and chaos etc.