进口原油运输船型经济性分析

石油是世界海上运量最大的货种之一，约占海上总运输量的三分之一。加入WTO后，中国石油海上运输量，特别是进口原油运输量将大幅度地增加。针对这一现实情况，本文对世界原油运输船队的技术经济作了概括性分析，对原油进口航线作了介绍。建立了单船运输经济性测算模型。基于实船经济指标测算结果，以必要运费率为主，通过比较选出了优良船型。并定量测算出不同类型船舶在同一航线上营运的必要运费率及其差异。研究结果指出，随着进口原油量的大幅度增加，中国应大力发展VLCC和Suezmax船队，重点建设大型深水油轮码头。

The Economic Evaluation on Tanker Types for Carrying Imported Crude Oil

Petroleum is a kind of the goods, of which the freight volume by sea is biggest in the world and accounts for about one third of total freight volume at sea. After China joins WTO the oil freight volume, especially the freight volume of imported crude oil will increase by a big margin. In view of this situation the technical economy of the world crude oil fleet is evaluated and the routes for Chinese imported crude oil are introduced in the paper. The model of the economics evaluation for a single vessel is established. Based on the results of economy index evaluation for real vessels and taking required freight rate as a main criterion, the excellent types of tanker are selected with comparison and the required freight rates for different types of tanker sailing on same route as well as their differences are quantitatively calculated. The results of this study indicate that China should devote major efforts to developing VLCC and Suezmax tanker fleets and constructing large deep water terminals of tanker with greatly increasing the volume of imported crude oil.