基于电子海图的船舶操纵仿真器

本文主要介绍最近研制的由微机、高分辨率显示器、图形卡、操纵控制箱等组成的基于电子海图船舶操纵仿真器的两个主要技术──船舶操纵数学模型和电子海图技术，最后还介绍了该仿真器在航海实际中的一个应用．在数学模型中，考虑到航海实际的需要，提出了一个适合常速、低速和大漂角等各种情况的水动力计算模型以及四象限舵力和浆力的算法．另外，考虑了浅水、岸壁、风、流、浪的影响及附属操纵设备──拖轮、缆绳、锚链等对船舶的作用．本仿真器的电子海图装置，不仅能实时显示船舶所在海域的海图，动态显示船舶的二维俯视图象及运动姿态、航行轨迹，还可根据需要选择性地放大、缩小海图、显示各种岸基设施，并且可以记录模拟过程中的各种数据，制作航迹图的硬拷贝以及在显示器上再现，以供分析研究．

MARINE SHIPHANDLING SIMULATOR WITH ELECTRONIC CHART

Two prime techniques (ship manoeuvring mathernatical model and electronic chart technique) of a newly developed simulator with electronic chart formed by microcomputer,graphic controller and control box are described. In consideration of navigation practice, a mixed model for calculating hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull, that is suitable for the entire manoeuvring rangle and so on, is presented, and a more accurate and overall formula for calculating the rudder force in fourequadrants is also given. In addition, the effects of shallow water, wind, current, wave, bank, channel, tug and lines, if neccesary, may be included in the mathematical model. In the electronic chart technique, not only the zoomed chart on which the ship is manoeuvring, ship configuration, naviguting track and constructions on the shore can be displayed dynamically. All data during simulating can be recorded to make trace chart or replay on the screen for analysis.