空化器几何参数对通气超空泡生成影响的实验研究

为了探索通气超空泡的生成机理和获取形态可控有效减阻的超空泡,文章利用中速可持续通气空泡水洞进行了空化器和通气联合生成超空泡的实验研究.详细分析了通气超空泡的生成和发展过程;给出了空化器直径、空化器线形对通气系数门限值和通气超空泡形态的影响.研究表明,在相同条件下,较大直径空化器模型形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值较低,相应的超空泡尺寸也较大;平头倒角形和圆盘形空化器比圆锥形的形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值低,相同条件下前者形成的超空泡尺寸也较后者大;对于圆锥形空化器,锥角较小的不易形成通气超空泡.文中实验研究结果为水下航行体的空化器合理设计提供了重要的参考依据.

Experimental investigation of cavitator geometrical parameters effecting on development of ventilated supercavity

In order to explore the mechanism of developing ventilated supercavity and obtain supercavity with easily controlled shape and better drag reduction,the experimental investigation of ventilated supercavity forming by cavitator and ventilation was carried out in a moderate-velocity cavitation tunnel.Forming process of ventilated supercavity was recorded and analyzed.Cavitator diameter and contour parameters act on the critical ventilation coefficient and supercavity size were obtained.The experimental research shows that critical ventilation coefficient becomes smaller with cavitator diameter increasing and critical ventilation coefficient of disk and blunt reverse angle cavitator is smaller than that of coin cavitator with the same diameter.Supercavity size becomes bigger with cavitator diameter increasing under the condition of same ventilation coefficient.The supercavity of blunt reverse angle cavitator is bigger than that one of coin cavitator,and coin cavitator with smaller angle is not easy to form ventilated supercavity.Experimental results of this paper provide important reference for the cavitator design of underwater vehicles.