波浪水池中畸形波生成的研究综述

畸形波具有异常大的波高，容易对海洋结构物造成巨大破坏。世界各大海域均有畸形波发生及其引起的海难记录，其生成机理正引起人们越来越多的关注。在实测畸形波时历的基础上，有必要在实验室中实现畸形波的生成，从而揭示畸形波的生成机理及其对海洋结构物的作用机理。目前，国内外许多学者根据畸形波所产生的海洋环境条件提出了多种多样的畸形波成因假说，并相应地形成了多种畸形波生成模型。色散聚集方法通过控制成分波相位使波浪能量定时定点聚集，简单高效，仍为大多数的畸形波生成研究的首选。在此基础上，部分学者提出或应用了迭代方法对畸形波模拟结果进行优化，以修正非线性波波作用引起的相位、幅值偏离。另一方面，薛定谔方程呼吸子解作为畸形波的一个原型，也在畸形波的生成模拟中得到成功应用。该文针对上述畸形波在数值波浪水池或物理水池中的模拟方法作了综述，可为进一步开展畸形波的机理研究及其对海洋结构物作用机理研究提供基础。

A review on the freak wave generation in the wave tank

Freak waves, a kind of extremely high waves, are very likely to cause great damage to offshore structures. The occurrence of freak waves and the damages they had caused have receiving more and more attentions. On the basis of freak wave registrations, it is necessary to generate freak wave sequences in the laboratory in order to reveal the formation mechanisms of freak waves and their impacts on offshore struc-tures. At present, various formation hypotheses were proposed according to the sea states of freak wave oc-currences and the corresponding simulation methods were produced. The most common approach is based on the dispersion focusing. This method is simple and effective to converge the wave energy at a fixed moment and location by adjusting phases of wave components. Iteration schemes were also put forward and success-fully implemented to optimize the freak wave simulations. On the other hand, the Peregrine breather solution of Schr?dinger equation was also successfully simulated as a prototype of freak wave. This paper presents a state-of-art review on the above freak wave generation models, which were successfully implemented in nu-merical wave tank or physical wave tank.