新型气液耦合冲击耗能器的冲击响应特性研究

船舶设备遭受强冲击作用时,能够承受的加速度和相对位移幅值都很小,采用隔振器和限位器均不能满足抗冲击要求,此时需要特殊的耗能元件,吸收大量的冲击能量。基于将传统的隔振抗冲元件和新型耗能装置相结合的思想,设计了一种非线性抗冲击系统,在此基础上建立了气液耦合冲击耗能器的数学模型,并对其各参数(运动传递比和气腔有效横截面积)对抗冲击性能(绝对加速度幅值和相对位移幅值)的影响进行了仿真试验分析。研究表明,与线性隔离系统相比,冲击耗能器能够耗散部分冲击能量,提升系统的抗冲击能力;冲击耗能器的参数影响分析为新型耗能器的设计和开发提供了可行的理论依据。

Characteristics of shock response of a novel gas-liquid coupling shock damper

The acceptable acceleration maximum and the relative displacement amplitude of ship equip-ments acceptable are very small when they are subjected to a strong impact. Under this circumstance, none of the vibration isolator and the displacement restrictor could meet the shock isolation requirements of ship equipments. Therefore, a special damper which could dissipate larger shock energy is necessary. Based on this idea in which traditional vibration isolators are combined with the novel dissipation components, in this paper, a new non-linearity shock isolation system is presented. A mathematical model of gas-liquid cou-pling shock damper is established. And, the numerical analysis relating to the effects of its parameters (move-ment transmissibility and cross-section area of gas chamber) on shock isolation performance (the absolute acceleration maximum and the relative displacement amplitude) is carried out. The results prove that in com-parison with the traditional linearity shock isolation system, the gas-liquid coupling shock damper can im-prove the impact resistance performance by dissipating partial impact energy. Besides, the parametric in-fluence analysis of the damper provides a feasible theoretical basis for the design and development of the novel gas-liquid coupling shock damper.