直立堤单波越浪量概率分布形状参数研究*

通过物模试验系统考察直立堤单波越浪量概率分布形状参数在不同条件下的变化规律。试验条件涵盖由完全不破碎到充分破碎完整的堤前波浪状态和具有代表性的2种堤前坡度、3种波陡、3种相对顶高。结果表明：形状参数对波陡缺乏明显的依赖关系；相对顶高的增大使形状参数减小，且变化趋势与相对水深和坡度有关；随着相对水深增大，形状参数与坡度的关系由同向逐渐过渡为反向；相对水深在脱离非破碎波区域向充分破碎区域变化的过程中，形状参数会经历先持续增大、在近破波特征最显著区域达到峰值、然后逐渐衰减的变化过程；本次试验在破碎和非破碎波条件区域所得到的形状参数综合平均值与现有成果均相符。

Study on the shape factor of probability distribution of the single wave overtopping volume on vertical wall

The variation features of the shape factor of probability distribution of single wave overtopping volume on vertical wall is investigated in detail by carrying physical model test.In the test the wave pattern ranged from completely nonbreaking to fully breaking ,meanwhile two slope ratios at wall toe,three wave steepnesses and three relative freeboard heights are included.The result shows that wave steepness has no clear effect on the shape factor.Increment of relative freeboard height causes decrement of the shape factor in different level depending on the relative depth and slope ratio.With relative depth increasing the variation of the shape factor changes with slope ratio from increment to decrement gradually.In the variation process of relative depth from deep to shallow the shape factor firstly increases successively,then reaches its peak and begins to decrease at last.The global mean of the shape factor both in nonbreaking and breaking condition region in the test agree to that of the existing studies.