风流主导因素下码头轴线方位优化

码头轴线方位角直接影响系泊船舶对码头结构作用的大小，从而影响结构设计要求，因此对码头轴线方位角进行优化分析十分必要。基于实际工程算例，提出风流环境荷载作用下码头最优方位角的确定方法即分层流要素确定法，并与设计中常用的垂线平均流向法、船舶吃水范围平均流向法进行比较分析。同时，研究船舶荷载的主导因素与流速及码头方位角之间的关系。结果表明：３种方法优化得到的最优方位角是有区别的，区别大小与流速分层要素分布关系密切，鉴于分层流要素法更能贴近实际流状态，对于大型开敞式码头结构，推荐采用分层流要素分析法综合确定码头轴线最优方位角。

Optimization of axial azimuth of wharf subjected to wind and current

The axial azimuth influences directly the action of the berthing ship on the wharf structure,and thus influences the requirements on the structural design.So,it is necessary to make an optimization analysis on the axial azimuth of wharf for its influence on ship load and corresponding requirement in the structural design.Based on the practical engineering,a method named stratified flow factor is proposed to determine the optimum axial azimuth for wharf.This method and other two traditional methods are analyzed comparatively.Meantime,the relationship among the major factors of ship load,current velocity and axial azimuth is studied.The analysis result shows that the optimum axial azimuth is different from the three methods mentioned in this paper.The method of stratified flow factor is recommended for its more reality.