海冰对港口作业的影响及应对措施

渤海和北黄海每年冬季都有结冰现象。海冰能够封锁港口、堵塞航道、破坏近海结构物、使航行中的船舶受损,给船舶进出港航行、操纵及靠离码头作业等带来极大困难,对港口运营也有较大的影响,严重情况会导致重大海难事故。从港口建设决策者及运营管理者的角度出发,多方面阐述了海冰对港口作业的影响,并重点论述了港口应对海冰灾害的措施,为冰况区港口能够延长作业天数及安全生产提供参考。

Impact of sea ice on harbor operation and countermeasures

Sea ice conditions appear yearly in Bohai and Northern Huanghai of China.The disasters of sea ice are terrible in many respects: blank off ports,jam sea-routes,wreck offing structures and coasting vessels,and hard to control and berth ships.Sea ice conditions greatly influence the harbor operation,and even result in serious maritime distress.Multiform analyses are described here about the impact of sea ice on harbor operation.The countermeasures of preventing and resisting sea ice disaster for harbor are emphasized.Harbor decision-making and management methods are put forward in this paper for extending operation days and safety control in production for harbors in sea ice conditions.