使用数学插值法对水位数据插补的方法研究

长期水位站进行系列水位观测时一般采用每整小时的观测一次的方法,获得整点的系列水位观测数据。在水深测量中,尤其重点水域的水深测量中,一般要求每10分钟观测一次水位。能否利用整点系列水位通过内插的方法获得每10分钟的水位数据,满足水深测量的精度要求,数学插值法能够很好地解决上述问题。文章研究了三次样条插值方法及牛顿多项式插值方法的应用,通过大量的实际观测数据验证了方法的可行性,其结果完全可以满足水深测量的精度要求。另外在水位观测中,由于设备等原因,造成一段时间内水位数据缺失,插值方法在一定程度上解决了这一问题。

Study on mathematical interpolation method used for tide interpolation

long-term tide station is used for tide observation to obtain hourly-tide named serial tide data. In hydrographic surveying, especially in the important water area surveying, it is needed to get the 10-mim-tide data. How can we derive the 10-mim-tide data from the hourly-tide serial data by interpolation to meet the hydrographic accuracy？ Mathematical interpolation method solves the problem perfectly. In this paper, the Newton interpolation, cubic spline interpolation and their applications were discussed. The feasibility of mathematical interpolation was proved by a large number of actual observed tide data. The interpolated result meets the criterion of hydrographic surveying. In the other case, mathematical interpolation method was used to handle the data missing due to the dam- age of tide gauge.