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随着国际贸易发展及海上能源运输的大幅增长,海上溢油事故的风险也持续增加,对海上溢油事故快速响应、系统性处理,尤其是在溢油事故地点连续作业、指挥显得格外重要.文章通过对往年海上溢油事故进行研究,分析事故中采用的处理方案,结合近几年发展的无人驾驶系统、全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite... 相似文献
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海洋平台供应船溢油回收装置的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合我厂为阿根廷建造的具有溢油回收功能的VS4408海洋平台供应船,介绍了溢油回收装置的原理、组成、布置以及如何使用等情况。溢油回收装置的发展有利于提高海上油污回收能力,减少和避免各类船舶事故引起的海上石油污染,溢油回收装置的有效使用是降低和消除溢油污染的重要手段。 相似文献
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墨西哥湾漏油事件中溢油应对处理方案研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
伴随着我国能源需求及海上石油运输量的大幅增长,我国海上发生溢油事故的风险也不断加大,针对海上大型溢油事故制定有效的溢油应对处理方案已成为我国的当务之急.该文通过对2010年4月发生在墨西哥湾的英国石油公司“深水地平线”平台泄漏事件进行研究,分析收集了此次事故过程中美国采用的主要溢油应急处理方案及值得借鉴的手段,为我国研究海上溢油应急方案提供了重要的参考和依据. 相似文献
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王梅 《船舶标准化工程师》2009,(1):29-32
文章主要介绍了该船所使用的动态斜面收油(DIP)系统的工作原理、性能特点、基本构成和主要功能,以及以该技术为核心设计建造的船舶的主要技术性能和特殊溢油回收作业功能等.为增强胜利埕岛海上油田的溢油回收作业能力,中石化胜利油田建造了国内首艘收油作业能力为200m^3/h的海洋石油勘探开发专用溢油回收船.该船设计和建造以动态斜面收油技术(DIP)为核心,集溢油污染监测、回收、储存和驳送水面漂浮的各种黏度溢油以及块状的浮油和海面垃圾等多种功能于一体,是目前我国同类船型中溢油回收作业能力最大的船舶. 相似文献
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为完善海上搜救模拟器中的溢油仿真模块,在对近海潮流进行数值模拟的基础上,通过对溢油扩展、漂移、蒸发和乳化数学模型的组合计算,首先实现了近海溢油运动过程的实时仿真.随后结合海浪的真实感绘制算法,使用OSG(Open Scene Graph)纹理烘焙和平面折射技术,实现了海上溢油扩散过程的三维可视化.对现有海上溢油应急处理... 相似文献
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为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外相关研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的特点,研究开发了先进实用的"珠江口区域海上溢油动态预报信息系统",综合了三维潮流模型、三维溢油扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术。该系统可以预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。实际溢油应用案例表明,该系统的预报模拟结果与现场实际情况完全相符,能有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急决策效率。 相似文献
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Hiroharu Kato Yuichi Oe Makoto Honoki Tetsuji Mochiki Taichi Fukazawa 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2006,11(2):131-138
This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory
experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared
using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward
at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating
bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide
hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability
and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than
in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants. 相似文献
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国内溢油回收船现状及溢油回收装置选型研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对当前海上溢油风险的日益增加,以及防污染对专业溢油回收设备及专业溢油回收船的需求,介绍了目前国内溢油回收船的现状,并对国内外溢油回收装置的特点进行了分析比较,希望为用户在选择溢油回收设备及建设专业溢油回收船方面起到指导作用。 相似文献
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Hidetaka Senga Naomi Kato Hiroyoshi Suzuki Tatsuya Akamatsu Lubin Yu Muneo Yoshie Toshinari Tanaka 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2014,19(1):90-102
It is important to forecast the location of oil spills to realize effective and adequate oil spill response operations when huge oil spilsl occur. In order to enhance the accuracy of oil drifting simulations, one needs to obtain the meteorological and oceanographic data around the oil slick. In general, the drifting velocity vector of an oil spill contains a wind velocity vector and a water current velocity vector. SOTAB-II was developed for autonomous tracking of oil slicks drifting on the sea surface. It is equipped with a sail whose size and direction are controllable to drift along with the oil slick autonomously. In addition, SOTAB-II transmits its location and necessary measured data around it to the land base in real-time. The results of field experiments using SOTAB-II with a cylindrical hull brought us the effectiveness of the sail and its control. However, the drifting speed of SOTAB-II was lower than a theoretical speed for the oil slick. In order to overcome this problem, SOTAB-II was redesigned. A yacht shape was adopted to reduce the hydrodynamic drag in the water in the advancing direction. Transverse stability, scales of brake board and sail, maneuverability, and performance of tracking spilled oil on the sea surface were considered in the process of the design. 相似文献
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Simulation of the oil spill processes in the Sea of Japan with regional ocean circulation model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sergey M. Varlamov Jong-Hwan Yoon Naoki Hirose Hideyuki Kawamura Ken Shiohara 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1999,4(3):94-107
A simulation of the movement of spilled oil after the incident of the Russian tanker Nakhodka in the Sea of Japan, in January 1997, was performed by a particle tracking model incorporating advection by currents, random
diffusion, the buoyancy effect, the parameterization of oil evaporation, biodegradation, and beaching. The currents advecting
spilled oil were defined by surface wind drift superposed on the three-dimensional ocean currents obtained by the Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory modular ocean model (GFDL MOM), which was forced by the climatological monthly mean meteorological
data, or by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) daily meteorological data, and assimilated sea
surface topography detected by satellite altimeter. A number of experiments with different parameters and situations showed
that the wide geographical spread of oil observed is not explained by wind drift alone, and that including the simulated climatological
currents gives better results. The combination of surface wind drift and daily ocean currents shows the best agreement between
the model and observations except in some coastal areas. The daily meteorological effect on the ocean circulation model results
in a stronger variability of currents that closely simulates some features of the nonlinear large-scale horizontal turbulent
diffusion of oil. The effect of different parameterizations for the size distribution of model oil particles is discussed.
Received for publication on July 26, 1999; accepted on Nov. 17, 1999 相似文献
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