海上溢油收集装置概念设计

随着海洋石油开采和运输事业的日益发展,海上溢油问题的研究越来越受到重视,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义.论文针对各类海上溢油事故,在现有技术的基础上进行突破和创新,提出了三套新概念的海上溢油处理装置,热气球海上浮油收集装置、海上铲车浮油收集器和下潜式浮油收集器,分别利用漩涡原理,面面接触的物理方式和生物环保技术,有效提高海上溢油的收集效率,丰富了溢油处理装置的设计理念,为后续的详细设计奠定了基础.     

新型海上溢油应急机械回收技术

<正>新型海上溢油应急处理技术——动态曲面式(Dynamic Curved Plane,DCP)溢油机械回收技术,能够实现海面漂浮溢油的快速高效回收。该技术运用堰式引流方法,提高水面溢油的接触速率;采用"固液双重拖带回收"方法,利用底层水流和黏附曲面对浮油的双重拖带作用,实现溢油快速回收;应用"负压吸入曲面诱导"工艺加速油水分离,提高溢油回收效率;同时,使用"双重浮体"技术改进回收设备的抗浪性,保证其在高海况下能够稳定、高效地工作。     

海上溢油综合处理母船

随着国际贸易发展及海上能源运输的大幅增长,海上溢油事故的风险也持续增加,对海上溢油事故快速响应、系统性处理,尤其是在溢油事故地点连续作业、指挥显得格外重要.文章通过对往年海上溢油事故进行研究,分析事故中采用的处理方案,结合近几年发展的无人驾驶系统、全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite...     

海洋平台供应船溢油回收装置的应用

结合我厂为阿根廷建造的具有溢油回收功能的VS4408海洋平台供应船,介绍了溢油回收装置的原理、组成、布置以及如何使用等情况。溢油回收装置的发展有利于提高海上油污回收能力,减少和避免各类船舶事故引起的海上石油污染,溢油回收装置的有效使用是降低和消除溢油污染的重要手段。     

动态曲面式溢油机械回收技术——DCP(Dynamic Curved Plane)

<正>随着海上石油开采与船舶运输业的迅速发展,海上溢油事故频发,大量原油及其炼制品短期内迅速泄漏到海洋环境中,给海洋生态环境带来灾难性的破坏,造成巨大的经济损失,并严重危害人体健康。为减轻溢油对海洋环境的破坏,需要在事故发生后立即采取有效的技术手段对水面溢油进行清理。机械回收法通过专用机械设备来回收水面上的浮油,     

动态曲面式溢油机械回收技术-DCP(Dynamic Curved Plane)

<正>随着海上石油开采与船舶运输业的迅速发展,海上溢油事故频发,大量原油及其炼制品短期内迅速泄露到海洋环境中,给海洋生态环境带来灾难性的破坏,并造成巨大的经济损失及严重危害人体健康。为减轻溢油对海洋环境的损害,需要在事故发生后立即采取有效的技术手段对水面溢油进行治理。机械回收法通过专用机械设备来回收水面上的浮油,     

墨西哥湾漏油事件中溢油应对处理方案研究

伴随着我国能源需求及海上石油运输量的大幅增长,我国海上发生溢油事故的风险也不断加大,针对海上大型溢油事故制定有效的溢油应对处理方案已成为我国的当务之急.该文通过对2010年4月发生在墨西哥湾的英国石油公司“深水地平线”平台泄漏事件进行研究,分析收集了此次事故过程中美国采用的主要溢油应急处理方案及值得借鉴的手段,为我国研究海上溢油应急方案提供了重要的参考和依据.     

舟山群岛海域溢油事故应急处置方法

为建立较为完善的海上溢油应急处置机制,以舟山群岛海域为例,分析利用岛、礁等有利地形进行海上溢油快速围控的技术,设计一种可持续供能的溢油回收装置,构建包括前期分析预测、中间过程控制、后期自动化清理的较为完整的溢油应急处理体系,为区域溢油应急方案的制定及应急行动提供技术支撑。该体系的实现可以为溢油处置的科学决策提供有益的参考。     

动态斜面收油技术在新型溢油回收船上的应用

文章主要介绍了该船所使用的动态斜面收油（DIP）系统的工作原理、性能特点、基本构成和主要功能,以及以该技术为核心设计建造的船舶的主要技术性能和特殊溢油回收作业功能等．为增强胜利埕岛海上油田的溢油回收作业能力,中石化胜利油田建造了国内首艘收油作业能力为200m^3／h的海洋石油勘探开发专用溢油回收船．该船设计和建造以动态斜面收油技术（DIP）为核心,集溢油污染监测、回收、储存和驳送水面漂浮的各种黏度溢油以及块状的浮油和海面垃圾等多种功能于一体,是目前我国同类船型中溢油回收作业能力最大的船舶．     

海上溢油应急处理的仿真和三维可视化

为完善海上搜救模拟器中的溢油仿真模块,在对近海潮流进行数值模拟的基础上,通过对溢油扩展、漂移、蒸发和乳化数学模型的组合计算,首先实现了近海溢油运动过程的实时仿真.随后结合海浪的真实感绘制算法,使用OSG(Open Scene Graph)纹理烘焙和平面折射技术,实现了海上溢油扩散过程的三维可视化.对现有海上溢油应急处理...     

珠江口区域海上溢油动态预测信息系统的开发与应用

为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外相关研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的特点,研究开发了先进实用的"珠江口区域海上溢油动态预报信息系统",综合了三维潮流模型、三维溢油扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术。该系统可以预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。实际溢油应用案例表明,该系统的预报模拟结果与现场实际情况完全相符,能有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急决策效率。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

国内溢油回收船现状及溢油回收装置选型研究

针对当前海上溢油风险的日益增加,以及防污染对专业溢油回收设备及专业溢油回收船的需求,介绍了目前国内溢油回收船的现状,并对国内外溢油回收装置的特点进行了分析比较,希望为用户在选择溢油回收设备及建设专业溢油回收船方面起到指导作用。     

海面溢油数值模拟及其可视化实现技术

由于石油工业和石油运输业的迅猛发展,油井井喷和油轮溢油事故频繁发生。积极探索溢油在水环境中的运动规律,才能为溢油的清理提供强有力的指导。海上溢油数值模拟研究能定量地分析、评估溢油的演变,文章结合采用椭圆扩展模型和油粒子模型对溢油扩散漂移过程进行模拟,为相应的决策提供科学依据。而溢油的可视化技术基于GIS组件COM技术,将溢油数值模型的模拟计算结果以图形的方式,实时、动态地显示在电子海图上,从而实现了溢油漂移扩散过程的可视化。     

虚拟仿真技术在溢油回收装置结构性能评估和轻量化设计中的应用

针对传统设计方法依靠经验开展设计的缺陷,提出了基于虚拟仿真技术的结构性能评估和优化设计方法.针对某溢油回收船溢油回收装置,利用虚拟仿真技术对其结构性能进行评估,并利用拓扑优化技术开展溢油回收装置结构的轻量化设计,实现以仿真来驱动设计,以期为虚拟仿真技术在船舶设计特别是溢油回收船溢油回收装置设计中的应用提供参考.     

基于多功能溢油回收船的线面式溢油回收技术研究

介绍长江首艘多功能溢油回收船“海特311”的结构和性能,分析围油栏的布设方法,提出“线面式”溢油应急技术。介绍该技术的工作原理及工作效率,提出结合双体围油栏的使用的构思,以期更大限度地发挥多功能溢油回收船的作用。     

Field experiments and new design of a spilled oil tracking autonomous buoy

It is important to forecast the location of oil spills to realize effective and adequate oil spill response operations when huge oil spilsl occur. In order to enhance the accuracy of oil drifting simulations, one needs to obtain the meteorological and oceanographic data around the oil slick. In general, the drifting velocity vector of an oil spill contains a wind velocity vector and a water current velocity vector. SOTAB-II was developed for autonomous tracking of oil slicks drifting on the sea surface. It is equipped with a sail whose size and direction are controllable to drift along with the oil slick autonomously. In addition, SOTAB-II transmits its location and necessary measured data around it to the land base in real-time. The results of field experiments using SOTAB-II with a cylindrical hull brought us the effectiveness of the sail and its control. However, the drifting speed of SOTAB-II was lower than a theoretical speed for the oil slick. In order to overcome this problem, SOTAB-II was redesigned. A yacht shape was adopted to reduce the hydrodynamic drag in the water in the advancing direction. Transverse stability, scales of brake board and sail, maneuverability, and performance of tracking spilled oil on the sea surface were considered in the process of the design.     

Simulation of the oil spill processes in the Sea of Japan with regional ocean circulation model

A simulation of the movement of spilled oil after the incident of the Russian tanker Nakhodka in the Sea of Japan, in January 1997, was performed by a particle tracking model incorporating advection by currents, random diffusion, the buoyancy effect, the parameterization of oil evaporation, biodegradation, and beaching. The currents advecting spilled oil were defined by surface wind drift superposed on the three-dimensional ocean currents obtained by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory modular ocean model (GFDL MOM), which was forced by the climatological monthly mean meteorological data, or by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) daily meteorological data, and assimilated sea surface topography detected by satellite altimeter. A number of experiments with different parameters and situations showed that the wide geographical spread of oil observed is not explained by wind drift alone, and that including the simulated climatological currents gives better results. The combination of surface wind drift and daily ocean currents shows the best agreement between the model and observations except in some coastal areas. The daily meteorological effect on the ocean circulation model results in a stronger variability of currents that closely simulates some features of the nonlinear large-scale horizontal turbulent diffusion of oil. The effect of different parameterizations for the size distribution of model oil particles is discussed. Received for publication on July 26, 1999; accepted on Nov. 17, 1999     

船舶溢油防治措施探讨

为有效减小船舶溢油事故,造成重大经济损失,破坏生态环境,针对国内外溢油污染防治现状,总结溢油事故的预防及处理措施,提出防治溢油事故的建议。     

船舶溢油防治措施探讨

为有效减小船舶溢油事故,造成重大经济损失,破坏生态环境,针对国内外溢油污染防治现状,总结溢油事故的预防及处理措施,提出防治溢油事故的建议。