交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

美国交通运输能耗统计报表及其数据来源

交通运输是主要能源消费者之一,也是二氧化碳排放的主要源头。统计交通运输能源消费数据,分析其能源消费特征对降低该行业的能耗和二氧化碳排放有重要的意义。本文通过对美国交通运输能耗统计报表及其数据来源和相关的文献进行分析,展示了美国交通运输能源统计制度的运作方式及其报表统计制度和格式。指出了美国交通运输能耗统计系统的优点和缺点,以及美国交通运输能耗监测统计系统对交通运输行业最主要能源消费者和二氧化碳排放者的能耗监测和统计存在重大缺陷,可为未来建设中国的交通运输能耗监测和统计系统提供借鉴,并据此提出了具体的建设设想和建议。     

基于管服融合的交通运输能耗监测与统计平台运行机制的探讨

为推进绿色交通发展,降低交通能耗,部分城市率先建立交通运输能耗监测统计平台。针对当前交通运输能耗监测统计平台的发展困境,从管服融合的理念出发,构建填报审核、成果展示、资源共享等运行机制,为切实发挥交通运输能耗监测统计平台的作用提供参考。     

交通运输行业能耗统计监测平台设计

构建一个基于Internet网络的数据平台,综合利用抽样数据填报、实时能耗数据监测两种手段,基于影响能耗和排放的相关因素,分类统计和计算交通运输业能耗及排放数据.利用该统计监测平台,可全面、准确掌握交通运输业,以及各子类行业能耗结构.结合交通运输行业内不同产业结构,以及行业内生产能耗结构,为能耗评价提供判断基础和借鉴,为行业的发展决策提供依据和指导.     

交通运输行业能耗统计监测方法与特点分析

本文分析了交通运输行业能耗统计监测的背景和目的,并从道路运输、水路、港口三个方面提出了基于行业管理部门和典型企业的监测方法和特点。     

基于高速公路路面施工期的能耗定额分析研究

随着交通运输节能减排体系建设的不断推进与完善,公路建设与改造领域节能减排也取得了一定的进步与发展。但是还存在碳排水平不清晰、能耗管理模式粗犷,缺乏完善的能耗采集技术支撑等问题。本文依托镇丹高速绿色公路建设,在能耗监测平台基础上,充分分析高速公路施工期设备单耗特征,研究高速公路施工期设备能耗定额情况,为高速公路建设管理部门提供数据支持及决策支撑。     

我国交通运输能耗及形势分析

本文首先对我国交通运输全口径能耗进行了计算和回顾,然后借助国际能源署交通模型"ASIF"分析框架,对我国交通运输领域能耗有影响的最新形势进行跟踪,特别是针对铁路货运周转量下降、运输结构优化、电动汽车保有量增长、共享交通模式等展开了分析,并对未来我国交通运输能耗的发展趋势进行了初步展望。     

城市地面交通方式单位能耗水平对比

为获得城市内不同交通方式的单位能耗水平,利用交通运输能耗统计监测平台抽样统计相关数据,设计算法分析单位生产任务能耗水平。在分析城市交通方式能耗统计障碍基础上,设计抽样方案、划分分类方法;设计数据分析算法分析已获数据,利用实验对统计数据进行修正,获得私家车、出租车、公交车等交通方式单位生产任务能耗水平。结果表明,由于道路客货运生产和管理现状,基于多源能耗影响因素的统计难以实现,导致生产能耗水平没有基准。依据行业分类方法,结合前期数据调研下的当量换算,可以确定可信度较高的单位生产能耗阈限,为行业发展提供依据。     

开展营运货车能耗在线监测体系建设的构想

本文提出了开展营运货车能耗在线监测体系建设的构想,分析了体系建设的必要性、可行性,给出了相应建设思路和具体措施建议。     

政策法规

日前,交通运输部发布《公路水路交通运输节能减排“十二五”规划》（简称《规划》）,提出与2005年相比,2015年营运车辆单位运输周转量能耗将下降10％,二氧化碳排放下降11％;营运船舶单位运输周转量能耗下降15％,二氧化碳排放下降16％;港口生产单位吞吐量综合能耗下降8％,二氧化碳排放下降10％。     

装船作业流程逆启动和顺停的开发与实现

为了进一步完成公司年度节能降耗的指标,技术人员根据本部设备情况和装船流程工艺开发了取装流程的逆启动和顺停操作,攻克了"取料机长时间不上料"和"流程长时间空运转"这两项难题,为公司的节能工作做出了很大的贡献。     

西部原油管道输量与能耗分析

为降低西部原油管道管输能耗,通过计算管道在不同季节、不同流量下的摩阻损耗,结合管道参数和输油泵特性曲线,分析得出影响输油生产单位能耗的因素包括管输流量和输油温度。进一步计算得出了不同流量和不同季节对应的输油生产单耗。结果表明,流量对输油生产单耗影响较大,西部原油管道管输流量在1 000~1 400 m~3/h区间时生产单耗相对较低;流量大于1 600 m3/h时,生产单耗随流量上升接近线性增长。而输油温度对生产单耗的影响较小,同一流量下冬季生产单耗略高于夏季生产单耗。     

内河船用柴油机冷却水系统节能探讨

内河船用柴油机在工作时,其燃油经济性能、动力性能和环境性能直接受到冷却系统性能的好坏的限制。本文对内河船用柴油机冷却水系统节能进行了探讨,提出了对冷却水温度进行恒温控制必将成为冷却水系统设计的重点。     

船用厨房燃油灶节能改造探讨

在节能减排的背景之下,游轮产业也需要重视能源节约与环境保护。本文采用能流分析法针对船用厨房燃油灶改造为电磁灶的能流进行分析,结合某游轮厨房灶台系统及其配套通风系统的改造,对比分析两种系统能耗。表明船用厨房燃油灶改造为电磁灶具较大的节能和环保潜力。     

Optimum routing of battery electric vehicles: Insights using empirical data and microsimulation

This study investigates the energy consumption impact of route selection on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using empirical second-by-second Global Positioning System (GPS) commute data and traffic micro-simulation data. Drivers typically choose routes that reduce travel time and therefore travel cost. However, BEVs’ limited driving range makes energy efficient route selection of particular concern to BEV drivers. In addition, BEVs’ regenerative braking systems allow for the recovery of energy while braking, which is affected by route choices. State-of-the-art BEV energy consumption models consider a simplified constant regenerative braking energy efficiency or average speed dependent regenerative braking factors. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted a microscopic BEV energy consumption model, which captures the effect of transient behavior on BEV energy consumption and recovery while braking in a congested network. The study found that BEVs and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) had different fuel/energy-optimized traffic assignments, suggesting that different routings be recommended for electric vehicles. For the specific case study, simulation results indicate that a faster route could actually increase BEV energy consumption, and that significant energy savings were observed when BEVs utilized a longer travel time route because energy is regenerated. Finally, the study found that regenerated energy was greatly affected by facility types and congestion levels and also BEVs’ energy efficiency could be significantly influenced by regenerated energy.     

Comparative analysis of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of 40 electric,plug-in hybrid electric,hybrid electric and internal combustion engine vehicles

This paper analyses the results of the Royal Automobile Clubhallo’s 2011 RAC Future Car Challenge, an annual motoring challenge in which participants seek to consume the least energy possible while driving a 92 km route from Brighton to London in the UK. The results reveal that the vehicle’s power train type has the largest impact on energy consumption and emissions. The traction ratio, defined as the fraction of time spent on the accelerator in relation to the driving time, and the amount of regenerative braking have a significant effect on the individual energy consumption of vehicles. In contrast, the average speed does not have a great effect on a vehicles’ energy consumption in the range 25–70 km/h.     

A comparative study on data segregation for mesoscopic energy modeling

On-road vehicles have been considered as one of the major contributors to energy consumption and air pollutant emissions. In order to quantify the corresponding environmental impacts, great efforts have been dedicated to the microscopic and macroscopic modeling for vehicle energy consumption and emissions. However, the mesoscopic modeling research that is focused on estimating trip-based energy consumption and is critical to some ITS applications (e.g., environmentally-friendly navigation), is relatively deficient. This study aims to investigate the effects of different data segregation methods on the mesoscopic modeling for vehicle energy consumption. A variety of novel methods, including the so-called conditional operating mode based method, have been proposed and evaluated using field data. Based on real-world data, statistical analyses have demonstrated the superior performance of enhanced models (i.e., conditional operating mode/VSP based models) in estimating vehicle energy consumption on a trip basis, compared to the other four models (velocity binning, time snipping, distance snipping and VSP based models) tested in this study.     

特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

The impact of transport pricing policy on individual energy consumption: a modeling case study in Kumamoto

To investigate the impact of traffic pricing policies on energy consumption, this study shows a microeconomic quantitative analysis scheme to simulate individual consumption behaviors from a microeconomic viewpoint. Energy consumption is estimated based on individual demand of non‐mobility goods and mobility goods under nine policy scenarios based on strategies of gasoline tax adding and mass transit fare reduction independently or combined. Results show that gasoline tax adding has strong effects on consumption behaviors. Energy consumption reduces mostly because of less consumption of non‐mobility goods and car trips. However, policy of mass transit fare reduction has limited impact on energy saving because consumption of non‐mobility goods and mass transit trips increases, but the number of car trips decline by only a small percentage. Comparing with single‐type policy, policies that combined gasoline tax adding and mass transit fare reduction show less energy consumption. Findings suggest that policies that increase cost of car trips, such as gasoline tax adding, are very helpful to reduce the consumption of non‐mobility goods and car trips, which contribute to less energy consumption. However, reducing cost of mass transit trips suggests limited effect on energy saving. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.