长安悦翔发动机管理系统电路原理及故障诊断（续完）

6故障诊断 长安悦翔轿车的ECU有车载诊断系统。它能够时刻监控发动机与废气排放相关的传感器、执行器是否工作正常。来确保汽车排出的尾气符合环保法规。OBD系统一旦检测到与废气排放相关的零部件损坏。将通过组合仪表上的排放指示灯（故障指示灯）告知用户废气排放不合格，同时存储故障码，     

清除柴油机氮氧化物的有效方法

氮氧化物（NOx）是柴油发动机和其他采用稀薄燃烧方式工作的发动机尾气中，最具毒性的污染物。在如何减少NOx排放的各种途径中，SCR-NOx选择性催化还原法是最具现实意义的，它能把发动机尾气中的NOx减少50％。     

宝来轿车二次空气供给系统浅析

一、二次空气供给系统简介汽车排放污染物主要有一氧化碳（CO）、碳氢化合物（HC）、氮氧化合物（NOx）等。这些污染物主要来源于发动机的尾气,以及曲轴箱和油箱中的燃油蒸气。     

发动机缺火故障的检修

（1）发动机缺火故障的监测。为了防止尾气排放超标和三元催化器热损坏．发动机控制单元使用曲轴位置传感器监测发动机转动时速率偏差来确定缺火。用凸轮轴位置传感器识别缺火的汽缸。当发动机缺火率超过了门限值并有可能导致排放超标时，发动机控制单元开始统计发动机缺火次数。     

汽车故障诊断——汽车工程师认证培训教材连载之二十五

（接第5期）2.4.11.尾气排放分析废气分析不仅是检查排放污染物治理效果的唯一途径,而且还是对发动机工作状况及性能判定的重要手段。它是在发动机不同工作状况下,通过检测废气中不同成分气体的含量来判断发动机各系统故障的方法,其目的是对发动机的燃烧状况进行综合评价。     

商用车SCR尾气后处理系统的匹配控制技术

SCR尾气后处理控制技术是目前世界各国特别是欧盟各国普遍采用的控制柴油车尾气排放的一项成熟技术。其基本工作原理就是通过优化柴油发动机缸内燃烧过程，使燃烧废气中的一氧化碳（CO）、碳氢化合物（HC）及颗粒（PM）等排放物得到有效控制并达到法规要求，最后对发动机排出尾气中含量较高的氦氧化物（NOx）再利用专门的车载后处理系统进行处理，以满足法规要求。     

丰田霸道4000 发动机怠速抖动故障分析

车型：2004年丰田霸道4000 GRJ120，发动机1GR—FE（V型）。 故障症状：发动机怠速抖动严重，尾气排放差。 故障检修：该车是事故车，已更换了发动机线束、带空气流量传感器的进气歧管总成、3个喷油器。客户反映，事故修复后，发动机严重抖动、尾气呛人，同时出现了副驾驶侧排气管烧红的现象，为此已将该侧三元催化物质取出。     

重庆卓汇环保科技有限责任公司

<正>重庆卓汇环保科技有限责任公司是一家从事汽车、摩托车及小型通用发动机尾气催化转化器研发、生产、销售与服务的民营高科技企业。公司以″诚实守信、质量至上、合作双赢″的经营方针,与国内外汽车、摩托车整车企业、排气系统厂商及在用车尾气治理厂商合作,产品通过了国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ、美国EPA、CARB及欧盟等排放标准认证,成功进入客户产品配套体系。情系蓝天追求卓越汽车、摩托车、全地形车、通机尾气净化装置●燃气车氧化型催化转化器(OC),满足国Ⅴ排放标准●汽油车催化转化器(TWC),满足国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ及欧美排放标准●摩托车、全地形车催化转化器(TWC),满足国Ⅲ及欧美排放标准●小型通用发动机催化转化器(TWC),满足国Ⅱ、国Ⅲ及欧美排放标准     

TU5JP4发动机“失火”故障的分析及处理

发动机故障指示灯点亮,读取故障码显示部分气缸点火“失火”;冷车时发动机怠速抖动,尾气排放有很重的油味;当发动机怠速抖动时,加大供油迅速暖车后,发动机怠速稳定,尾气排放正常,加速也正常。     

助力汽车排放升级的博世力士乐液压驱动冷却风扇系统

汽车排放标准升级对发动机的要求将更加严格,让发动机处于最佳燃烧温度将有助于改善发动机尾气的排放。针对这一情况,博士力士乐开发出的液压驱动冷却风扇系统,可以有效地保证发动机处于最佳燃烧温度的状态,从而减少尾气对环境的影响。     

催化控制技术在二冲程通用小型汽油机上的应用

二冲程通用小型汽油机在非道路机械应用广泛,但排放不能满足EPA和欧盟标准,制约着发展。在解决二冲程通用小型汽油机排放的技术方案中,催化转化技术是目前的主流技术。     

美国加州最新排放标准介绍及国产通用小型汽油机面临的挑战

介绍美国加州最新颁布的排放标准,进而结合国产小型通用汽油机的排放现状统计,指出了国产小型通用汽油机产品排放存在的差距及面临的挑战。     

国产通用型汽油机的排放现状及催化转化器的应用

中国通用小型汽油机的排放现状与美国现行的第二阶段排放限值相比有不小的差距,其中HC NOx排放超标居多;国产通用小型汽油机二、四冲程并存,且排放特点有显著的差异,在进行催化转化器应用时,要进行针对性设计。     

欧美通用小型汽油机排放法规介绍

通用小型汽油机排放法规主要包括分类、测试循环、限值及耐久性要求等方面;美国先行一步,欧洲与美国基本一致。     

通用小型汽油机排放催化净化器应用中的关键技术

讨论修订中的美国第3阶段非道路通用小型汽油机排放法规将可能导致催化净化技术在该领域得到广泛应用。本文在催化器匹配、性能综合评价和失效分析3方面对催化净化器引用过程中的关键技术问题以及其间相互关系加以论述。     

Exhaust emissions and its control methods in compression ignition engines: A review

Extensive usage of automobiles has certain disadvantages and one of them is its negative effect on environment. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter (PM) come out as harmful products during incomplete combustion from internal combustion (IC) engines. As these substances affect human health, regulatory bodies impose increasingly stringent restrictions on the level of emissions coming out from IC engines. This trend suggests the urgent need for the investigation of all aspects relevant to emissions. It is required to modify existing engine technologies and to develop a better after-treatment system to achieve the upcoming emission norms. Diesel engines are generally preferred over gasoline engines due to their undisputed benefit of fuel economy and higher torque output. However, diesel engines produce higher emissions, particularly NO_x and PM. Aftertreatment systems are costly and occupy more space, hence, in-cylinder solutions are preferred in reducing emissions. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology has been utilized previously to reduce NO_x. Though it is quite successful for small engines, problem persists with large bore engines and with high rate of EGR. EGR helps in reducing NO_x, but increases particulate emissions and fuel consumption. Many in-cylinder solutions such as lower compression ratios, modified injection characteristics, improved air intake system etc. are required along with EGR to accomplish the future emission norms. Modern combustion techniques such as low temperature combustion (LTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) etc. would be helpful for reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the engine performance. However, controlling of autoignition timing and achieving wider operating range are the major challenges with these techniques. A comprehensive review of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics is given in this paper.     

传统发动机的污染排放与爆燃诠释

传统发动机之所以被淘汰出局不仅只是效率不高,还有更为重要的大量污染排放,虽然传统发动机效率不高,但依然位居各类发动机的较高者之列,而污染排放虽经尾气后处理而大幅下降,但却难以摆脱环境污染的最大贡献者。已经发现污染排放与爆燃或者粗暴密切相关,致使传统发动机始终受制于爆燃或者粗暴的束缚限制,而爆燃或者粗暴则是曲轴连杆机构构成的固有缺陷。如果没有曲轴连杆机构这一固有缺陷,排放性能就会很好,燃油发动机不仅不会被淘汰,还将再续昔日辉煌。     

Effects of intake valve angle on combustion characteristic in an SI engine

In this study, 2 different valve-angle engines, one is wide and the other is narrow, were prepared for investigating the effects of the angle on the combustion. For this purpose, the part load performances were evaluated and the pressures were measured for combustion analysis at an engine bench under 5 different operating conditions, varying the compression ratio. The results show that the combustion proceeds so faster in the small IVA engine that its MBT timings are retarded considerably compared with that of large one and result in lower NOx emission level; however, unburned HC is higher because of its geometrical feature. In addition, there is no substantial difference between 2 IVA engines in the timings of combustion initiation and completion as a crank-angle-position-base in spite of the considerable difference of spark timing, on the other hands, the ignition delay of the small IVA is shorter than that of large one. Also the phenomena that the flame propagation is faster and the instant heat release rate is more concentrated and higher in the small were observed. Also, the burn duration of small one is shorter and the combustion process is more accelerated up to the mid-combustion stage; however, the process of large one is faster as the combustion approaches the last stage and the differences of combustion duration reduce as the compression ratio increases. Finally, the engine runs more stable when the IVA is small without any exception because of its rapid burn at the initial combustion stage.     

我国重型车用汽油机排放现状分析及试验方法

对我国实施重型车用汽油机排放标准后的部分典型机型的排放做了统计和相关分析；比较了国内外重型汽油机排放标准和试验方法。通过对化油器机型和电喷加三效催化机型的排放测试结果的分析，论及我国重型汽油机的排放控制技术路线，提出了在用重型化油器车的污染治理和控制问题。最后，针对我国现行9工况标准的试验限值和试验方法提出了一些观点。     

通用小型汽油机美国EPA与欧洲排放计算差异分析

分析美国EPA通机排放法规(EPA40CFRPART90)与欧洲关于通用小型汽油机排放的指令(Directive2002-88-EC)中推荐的计算方法之间的差异及其对排放数据的影响。