An Active Roll-Moment Control Strategy for Narrow Tilting Commuter Vehicles

An automatic tilt control strategy for a narrow commuter vehicle is described. Such a vehicle would be enclosed like a conventional car but would bank into turns like a motorcycle and so it would feel quite unconventional to drive. The proposed tilt control system uses the steering to tilt the car over like a motorcycle but this is augmented by actively generating a rolling moment about the pivot axis between the tilting upper body and non-tilting base. The provision of this active direct tilt control enables the vehicle to remain upright at low or zero speed and also permits the designer to fine tune the transient roll response. Although it appears complex the proposed tilting control relies on only a few simple sensor measurements, some modest, microprocessor based signal processing and low power, low bandwidth steering and tilt control actuators which might be derived from existing automotive components.     

An Active Roll-Moment Control Strategy for Narrow Tilting Commuter Vehicles

SUMMARY

An automatic tilt control strategy for a narrow commuter vehicle is described. Such a vehicle would be enclosed like a conventional car but would bank into turns like a motorcycle and so it would feel quite unconventional to drive. The proposed tilt control system uses the steering to tilt the car over like a motorcycle but this is augmented by actively generating a rolling moment about the pivot axis between the tilting upper body and non-tilting base. The provision of this active direct tilt control enables the vehicle to remain upright at low or zero speed and also permits the designer to fine tune the transient roll response. Although it appears complex the proposed tilting control relies on only a few simple sensor measurements, some modest, microprocessor based signal processing and low power, low bandwidth steering and tilt control actuators which might be derived from existing automotive components.     

Tilt Control for Gyro-Stabilized Two-Wheeled Vehicles

Fully enclosed motorcycles could form the basis for extremely fuel and space efficient vehicles, but their inherent instability upon encountering even a momentary loss of traction renders them unsuitable for general use. It will be shown that a relatively simple tilt control system using a gyroscope to provide a tilt control moment is capable of stabilizing the vehicle at still stand or at speed on a very low traction surface. Furthermore, the system can achieve a coordinated turn on high traction surfaces. Since the gyro is an energy storage device, it can be used also in a hybrid system to provide extra power for acceleration and to recover some energy during braking. This relatively old idea should be reconsidered in light of the improved electromechanical devices, which have been developed recently for hybrid electric vehicles.     

Tilt Control for Gyro-Stabilized Two-Wheeled Vehicles

Fully enclosed motorcycles could form the basis for extremely fuel and space efficient vehicles, but their inherent instability upon encountering even a momentary loss of traction renders them unsuitable for general use. It will be shown that a relatively simple tilt control system using a gyroscope to provide a tilt control moment is capable of stabilizing the vehicle at still stand or at speed on a very low traction surface. Furthermore, the system can achieve a coordinated turn on high traction surfaces. Since the gyro is an energy storage device, it can be used also in a hybrid system to provide extra power for acceleration and to recover some energy during braking. This relatively old idea should be reconsidered in light of the improved electromechanical devices, which have been developed recently for hybrid electric vehicles.     

Active Roll Mode Control Implementation on a Narrow Tilting Vehicle

This paper describes work carried out on the development of a narrow tilting vehicle at the University of Minnesota. The project had two objectives. One objective was to better understand the dynamics of two-passenger leaning vehicles. The other was to use this understanding to design and implement leaning control on such a vehicle. The desire was to make a tilting vehicle as easy, in some sense, to drive as a non-leaning vehicle. The scope of this work was fourfold. First, a model of such a system was developed and linearized to obtain a fourth-order linear model. Second, a tilt controller was designed to stabilize a tilting vehicle's unstable rolling mode. Third, the system and controller were simulated using both Simulink and a real time simulator written with Visual Basic. Fourth, and most importantly, an experimental vehicle was built and used for implementation. Comparisons were made between the simulated system and the experimental vehicle. This illustrated the limitations encountered in the simulations but also showed similarities that validated the model. Also, experimental results showed that the vehicle was stabilized well by the controller within the limitations of our hardware.     

Semi-Active Heave and Pitch Control for Ground Vehicles

A model is presented which includes both the heave and pitch motions of a vehicle traversing a roadway. Provision is made for testing totally passive, totally active, and semi-active secondary suspensions. Control strategies are developed for the totally active case and vehicle isolation is demonstrated. These active controllers are then modified to be semi-active, i.e., no power is provided from the controller to the vehicle. The semi-active isolation is shown to be comparable to the totally active system and much superior to the passive suspension.     

Active Roll Control of Articulated Vehicles

This paper describes an investigation into active roll control of articulated vehicles. The objective is to minimise lateral load transfer using anti-roll bars incorporating low bandwidth hydraulic actuators. Results from handling tests performed on an articulated vehicle are used to validate a nonlinear yaw/roll model of the vehicle. The methodology used to design lateral acceleration controllers for vehicles equipped with active anti-roll bars is developed using a simplified linear articulated vehicle model. The hardware limitations and power consumption requirements of the active elements are studied. The controller is then implemented in the validated articulated vehicle model to evaluate the performance of an articulated lorry with active anti-roll bars. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility of a significant improvement in transient roll performance of the vehicle, using a relatively low power system (10 kW), with low bandwidth actuators (5 Hz).     

Semi-Active Control of Wheel Hop in Ground Vehicles

ABSTRACT

A two degree-of-freedom vehicle model is developed which incorporates passive, active, and semi-active secondary suspensions. The model is used to demonstrate the trade-offs which are inherent in attempting to provide desirable sprung weight isolation while at the same time controlling unsprung weight motions.

A linear model is used first in order to compare passive and active suspensions in an analytically understandable configuration. The semi-active suspension is inherently nonlinear and is compared to the others through computer simulation. The passive suspension is, of course, the most restrictive in providing simultaneous isolation of sprung and unsprung weight; however, the active suspension is also compromised in providing both functions. The semi-active suspension does an excellent job of tracking its active counterpart.     

Semi-Active Control of Wheel Hop in Ground Vehicles

A two degree-of-freedom vehicle model is developed which incorporates passive, active, and semi-active secondary suspensions. The model is used to demonstrate the trade-offs which are inherent in attempting to provide desirable sprung weight isolation while at the same time controlling unsprung weight motions.

A linear model is used first in order to compare passive and active suspensions in an analytically understandable configuration. The semi-active suspension is inherently nonlinear and is compared to the others through computer simulation. The passive suspension is, of course, the most restrictive in providing simultaneous isolation of sprung and unsprung weight; however, the active suspension is also compromised in providing both functions. The semi-active suspension does an excellent job of tracking its active counterpart.     

汽车主动转向与直接横摆力矩协调控制

为了提高汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶稳定性,分别对主动转向及直接横摆力矩控制进行了研究。根据汽车线性二自由度模型获得汽车稳态工况下的期望横摆角速度和期望质心侧偏角,设计了上层控制器和下层控制器,其中上层控制器为主动转向与直接横摆力矩功能分配的协调控制,下层控制器采用单神经元自适应PID算法设计了主动转向控制器和直接横摆力矩控制器。基于汽车行驶稳定性指标设计了调度参数,以实现主动转向和直接横摆力矩的协调控制。分别选取高附着系数路面和低附着系数路面进行了正弦输入试验和阶跃输入试验,结果表明所设计的控制系统能够很好地提高线控转向汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶稳定性。     

Active Roll Control of Single Unit Heavy Road Vehicles

Summary Strategies are investigated for controlling active anti-roll systems in single unit heavy road vehicles, so as to maximise roll stability. The achievable roll stability improvements that can be obtained by applying active anti-roll torques to truck suspensions are discussed. Active roll control strategies are developed, based on linear quadratic controllers. It is shown that an effective controller can be designed using the LQG approach, combined with the loop transfer recovery method to ensure adequate stability margins. A roll controller is designed for a torsionally flexible single unit vehicle, and the vehicle response to steady-state and transient cornering manoeuvres is simulated. It is concluded that roll stability can be improved by between 26% and 46% depending on the manoeuvre. Handling stability is also improved significantly.     

电动轮汽车主动控制技术

电动轮驱动车辆的驱动主动控制技术是电动车领域一项富有特色的关键技术,文章在综合了大量文献的基础上,分析了电动轮驱动技术的特点,重点对电动轮驱动的主动控制技术中的电子差速技术、驱动防滑技术、动力学控制及参数估算的研究现状和存在的问题进行了分析,最后结合问题提出了未来的研究方向.     

平板车电控发动机双油门控制方式的改进

1问题现象 在湖北三江航天万山特种车辆有限公司交付某船厂的一台200 t重型运输平板车（以下简称平板车）中,首次采用电控发动机（大连道依茨BF6M1013）,于整车下线调试过程中出现了油门工作不稳定现象。油门可靠关乎安全大问题,且电控发动机为未来车辆发展趋势,这个问题不解决,不仅影响这台平板车的交付,也不利于本公司今后车辆的研制和发展。     

Active Control of Non-stationary Response of Vehicles with Nonlinear Suspensions

SUMMARY

Active control of non-stationary response of a single degree of freedom vehicle model with nonlinear passive suspension elements is considered in this paper. The method of equivalent linearization is used to derive the equivalent linear model and the optimal control laws are obtained by using stochastic optimal control theory based on full state information. Velocity squared quadratic damping and hysteresis type of stiffness nonlinearities are considered. The effect of the nonlinearities on the active system performance is studied. The performance of active suspensions with nonlinear passive elements is found to be superior to the corresponding passive suspension systems.     

Active Control of Non-stationary Response of Vehicles with Nonlinear Suspensions

Active control of non-stationary response of a single degree of freedom vehicle model with nonlinear passive suspension elements is considered in this paper. The method of equivalent linearization is used to derive the equivalent linear model and the optimal control laws are obtained by using stochastic optimal control theory based on full state information. Velocity squared quadratic damping and hysteresis type of stiffness nonlinearities are considered. The effect of the nonlinearities on the active system performance is studied. The performance of active suspensions with nonlinear passive elements is found to be superior to the corresponding passive suspension systems.     

基于P2.5构型的混合动力汽车模式切换动态协调控制策略

针对一款P2.5构型并联型插电式混合动力汽车由纯电动驱动切换到混合驱动模式的控制策略进行了研究。根据进入离合器滑磨阶段转速阈值的不同,分别设计了离合器再次滑磨时发动机转速低于目标转速的控制策略和离合器再次滑磨时发动机转速高于目标转速的控制策略。针对第1种策略中离合器转矩从负到正突变带来较大冲击度的问题,提出了以整车纵向加速度为控制目标的电机转矩补偿控制来抑制冲击度。对提出的两种控制策略进行了仿真验证,结果显示两种控制策略均能实现良好的控制效果,通过仿真结果比较分析了两种控制策略的优缺点,并提出了两种控制策略的适用工况条件。