EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COCHLEAR HAIR CELL LOSS IN THE GUINEA PIG

ＺｈｕＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（朱宏亮）ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＣＯＣＨＬＥＡＲＨＡＩＲＣＥＬＬＬＯＳＳＩＮＴＨＥＧＵＩＮＥＡＰＩＧＺｈｕＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｔｏｌａｒｙｎｇｏｌｏｇｙ．ＦｉｒｓｔＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ...     

庆大霉素损害鸡耳蜗后毛细胞再生的超微结构及其与听功能恢复的关系

给实验组鸡按50mg／（kg·d）剂量肌注庆大霉素共10d后，间隔1、3、6、9和12d对实验组和对照组鸡耳蜗电位（Ap）及听觉脑干诱发电位（ABR）进行测定，随后处死动物，用透射电镜（TEM）和扫描电镜观察鸡基底乳头（BP）毛细胞再生的超微结构和过程，结果可见毛细胞再生来源于Bp表层扁平状或立方形上皮细胞，在早期再生毛细胞胞质密度高，含有大量的线粒体，随后静纤毛长出，细胞核出现，表皮极发育成熟时静纤毛束形成，其毛细胞底部的神经末梢已长出，此时伴有Ap和ABR阈值的恢复。说明再生毛细胞形态成熟时已具有听觉功能的恢复，再生毛细胞在受损耳蜗听功能的恢复过程中起主要作用。     

海马CA3区损伤对齿状回颗粒细胞下层新生细胞向颗粒层迁移的影响

目的 明确海马CA3区损伤对齿状回颗粒细胞下层(SGZ)新生细胞向颗粒细胞层迁移的影响.方法 BrdU标记齿状回SGZ神经干细胞,Ibotenic acid或同体积生理盐水海马CA3区立体定位注射,4周后BrdU+ NeuN免疫荧光染色观察分析迁移到齿状回颗粒细胞层的新生细胞的数量和比例,分别采用t-test和两因素方...     

HAIR CELL-LIKE CELL GENERATION INDUCED BY NATURE CULTURE OF ADULT RAT AUDITORY EPITHELIUM

Objective To establish adult rat auditory epithelial cell culture and try to find precursor cells of auditory hair cells in vitro. Methods With refinement of culture media and techniques, cochlear sensory epithelial cells of adult rat were cultured. Immunocytochemistry and Bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） labeling were used to detect properties and mitotic status of cultured cells. Results The cultured auditory epithelial cells showed a large, flat epithelial morphotype and expressed F-actin and cytokeratin, a subset of cells generated from auditory epithelium were labeled by calretinin, a specific marker of early hair cell. Conclusion Adult rat auditory epithelium can be induced to generate hair cell-like cells by nature culture, this phenomenon suggests that progenitor cells may exist in rat cochlea and they may give birth to new hair cells. Whether these progenitor cells are tissue specific stem cells is still need more study.     

EFFECTS OF CEREBRAL CORTICAL CONCIS ON CELL PROLIFERATION OF THE SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE IN ADULT RATS

Mechanical injuries to the external regions ofthe brain including the cerebral cortex and otherparts of the telencephalon are common yet relativelyuntreatable[1].The predicament in recovery frombrain injury is that the adult central nervous systemis generally thought to be incapable of replacingdead neurons.As the SVZis nowknownto be neu-rogenic andis in close proxi mitytothe cerebral cor-tex and other functionally i mportant forebrain nu-clei,hope has risen that its neurogenesis may be co-op…     

咪唑安定对豚鼠噪声性聋的保护作用

目的 通过检测豚鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和耳蜗中活性氧含量研究咪唑安定对噪声性聋的保护作用.方法 雄性杂色豚鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(C组)、咪唑安定组(M组)、生理盐水组(S组)和噪声性聋组(D组),每组10只.M组、S组和D组每天接触倍频程连续噪声(中心频率为4kHz,强度为100dB SPL)3h,连续3d.M组于噪声暴露前24h、即刻及噪声暴露中肌肉注射咪唑安定0.1mg/kg;S组在相同时间肌肉注射等量的生理盐水;D组为单纯接触噪声对照组.C组不接触噪声仅肌肉注射咪唑安定,注射时间及剂量与M组相同.所有动物均于噪声暴露前及暴露后立即检测听性脑干反应(ABR)阈值,在噪声暴露前和噪声暴露第3天处死前,取血测定血清中SOD活性、MDA含量,于第3天测完ABR阈值后,立即断头处死豚鼠,取出双侧耳蜗,测定其活性氧含量.结果 噪声暴露后,M组的ABR阈移(1.6±1.5)及活性氧含量[(291.10±2.30)u/mL]显著低于S组和D组[41.7±3.3,44.3±3.9;(348.52±3.60)u/mL,(315.56±6.70)u/mL, P<0.05].M组在噪声暴露后血清SOD活性下降、MDA含量升高,但其幅度明显小于S组和D组.结论 咪唑安定可减少噪声暴露后耳蜗中增多的活性氧含量,从而产生对噪声性耳蜗损伤的保护作用.     

中强白噪声对豚鼠内耳的损害——动物试验研究之一

<正> 噪声是国际重大公害,到处存在,多方危害于人,唯听觉器官首当其冲,常酿成耳聋。噪声耳聋的根本问题在预防,防护之本在降低其强度;欲达到此目的需耗费巨额资金,至今世界各国均难完全办到,故不得不辅以个人防护;个人防护办法不少,可惜迄今尚乏真正方便,舒适而有效者,究其原因,实与其发病机制,及病理改变尚未被彻底探明有关。为此我们设计了一组试验拟观察在中强噪声间断作用下豚鼠内耳感觉装置的损害规律,现将其部分结果总结报告如下。     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON REGENERATING HAIR CELLS IN THE CHICK BASILAR PAPILLA FOLLOWING AMINOGLYCOSIDE OTOTOXICITY

Thepotentialforregenerationofhaircellsintheavianbasilarpapilla(cochlea)wasfirstsuggestedwhenCruzetaltl]demonstratedrecoveryofhaircellnumbersfollowingototoxicdruginsult.AtthesametimeCotancheandhiscollaboratorsLZ.saof)servedthathaircellstereociliawerereplacedfollowingacoustictraumaandattributedthistotheregenerationof.newhaircells.Morerecently,regenerationofhaircellsandsupportingcellsfollowingacoustictraumahasbeendemonstratedbyDANlabelingwithtritiatedthymidineinbothneonatalchicks(4]andsexuallym…     

肾上腺素对受损害鸡耳蜗毛细胞再生的促进作用

给１ｄ龄雏鸡按２００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）剂量肌注卡那霉素连续１０ｄ后，用肾上腺素０．５ｍｇ／（５０ｇ·ｄ）共治疗７ｄ，随后分别间隔０、１、２、３和４周处死，对其耳蜗基底乳头行扫描电镜和光镜观察。结果发现肾上腺素对鸡受损的毛细胞再生有明显的促进作用，其作用为使毛细胞再生数目增多，分化增殖显著加速。但其机制尚不明了。     

THE EFFECT OF LIGUSTRAZINE ON NEUROGENESIS IN CORTEX AFTER FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Objective To explore the effect of Ligustrazine on neurogenesis in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture. Two hours later, injection of Ligustrazine （80 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was performed peritoneally. Four hours after the ischemia, 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） （50 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was injected peritoneally. At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after ischemia, BrdU positive cells in the cortex were observed by cal staining. Results In ischemic model group, at 7 day, sparsely-distributed BrdU positive cells were observed in the Ⅱ-- Ⅵ layers of the ipsilateral cortex, with a bandlike distribution in ischemic penumbra. With the prolongation of ischemia, the number of BrdU positive cells increased. In Ligustrazine group, BrdU positive cells were also observed in theⅡ-- Ⅵ layers of the cortex, with an intense distribution in ischemic penumbra. The numbers of BrdU positive cells at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d were more than those in ischemic model group respectively. Conclusion Ligustrazine increases the proliferated cells in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results suggest that it may be useful for promoting self-repair after ischemia.     

耳蜗用微量渗透泵灌注生长因子对庆大霉素致聋豚鼠的治疗作用

目的　应用微量渗透泵 (Mini- Osmotic pump,MOP)给正常动物耳蜗和庆大霉素 (GM) )致聋豚鼠耳蜗长期恒速灌注人工外淋巴和表皮生长因子 (Epidermal growth factor,EGF) ,观察其对听力和内耳组织形态的影响。方法　用 Alzet model- 2 0 0 4型 MOP向三组各 1 0只的正常豚鼠 A组和 GM致聋豚鼠 B组 ,耳蜗底回鼓阶灌注人工外淋巴液 ,同法给 GM致聋豚鼠耳蜗灌注EGF设为 C组 ,在 MOP埋植前和埋植后 1、2、3和 4周测定 ABR反应阈值 ,用扫描电镜观察各组动物耳蜗 Corti器的组织形态改变。结果　 MOP给正常动物灌注人工外淋巴对 ABR和耳蜗内外毛细胞无明显影响 ,而给 GM致聋组豚鼠耳蜗灌注 EGF可促进受损内耳组织细胞修复 ,使ABR阈值改善。结论　应用 MOP可向耳蜗长期恒速灌注人工外淋巴 ,对耳蜗功能和形态无明显影响 ;而长期恒速灌注 EGF对 GM耳中毒豚鼠的耳蜗毛细胞有修复治疗作用。可使 ABR反应阈值下降     

中强白噪声对螺旋器毛细胞有氧代谢的影响——动物试验研究之二

<正> 耳蜗螺旋器感觉毛细胞,分化程度高,代谢旺盛。一些研究者认为,在声响过度刺激时,其代谢首先枯竭,进而发生功能和形态变化。众所周知,细胞的活动需从氧代谢摄取能量,而后者却要受到有关酶的催化。所以根据氧化还原酶的活性就可以间接判断细胞代谢的程度。参与氧化的酶很多,琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinic Dehydrogenase:SDH)乃其中之一。因能用组织化学方法间接而特异地在细胞中进行定位和定量,故常被用作研究组织有氧代谢     

耳蜗外毛细胞静纤毛束变异的判定标准研究

目的建立耳蜗外毛细胞(OHCs)静纤毛束变异的形态学统一判定标准。方法光镜和扫描电镜观察豚鼠耳蜗OHCs静纤毛束变异形态学特征及听觉诱发电位(ABR)、听神经动作电位(CAPs)和耳声发射畸变产物(DPOAE)参数改变。结果在100只实验豚鼠中,有28%的动物OHCs静纤毛束变异;OHC1变异最多见转位90°,常可见连续数个毛细胞90°转向蜗底,部分毛细胞静纤毛束“W”型转位达180°。结论我们拟定耳蜗外毛细胞静纤毛束变异的标准为:①超过10%的耳蜗第一排外毛细胞静纤毛束的“W”型变形及转向,毛细胞由45°转位至90°改变,多向基底方向,且呈双侧性。②毛细胞静纤毛束变异程度分为Ⅰ型:50%的OHC变异为重度变异;Ⅱ型:30%的OHCs变异为中度变异;Ⅲ型:10%以上的OHCs变异为轻度变异;③耳蜗毛细胞静纤毛束变异动物的双侧耳听功能(ABR、CAP、DPOAE)改变。     

慢性粒细胞白血病树突状细胞的体外无血清培养及杀瘤效应

目的　建立慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML)树突状细胞 (DCs)体外无血清培养体系。方法　小牛血清 (FCS)、无血清 (SFM)及自体血清分别培养CML病人CD34 + 细胞或单个核细胞 (MNCs) ,以SCF、GM CSF、TNF α、IL 4 (A)与GM CSF、TNF α、IL 4 (B)两组不同的细胞因子作对照。结果　CML DCsHLA DR高表达 ,CD80、CD83和CD86表达比例不高 ,异体混合淋巴细胞反应能力不强。SFM同FCS体系相比无显著差异。 5例CML DCsPh染色体比例与培养前MNCsPh染色体比例基本吻合 ;同时以CML DCs同自身T细胞、自体Ph+ MNCs共孵育 ,测其杀伤率为 (38.5± 6 .5 ) %。结论　CML DCs携带Ph染色体 ,能刺激自体T细胞杀伤自身白血病细胞 ,但需进一步改善其功能。     

豚鼠化脓性中耳炎耳蜗柯蒂氏器扫描电镜观察

本实验以鼓泡接种金黄色葡萄球菌的方法诱发豚鼠的化胀性中耳炎,用扫描电镜观察接种细菌后1、2、4及6周不同时间豚鼠柯蒂氏器的病理改变,发现受试动物的耳蜗各回均可见不同程度的毛细胞静纤毛异常、细胞缺失及支持细胞的损伤等。另外,本实验还显示了外毛细胞消失及支持细胞指状突修复前后的一些表现。     

离体毛囊切片两种制作方法的比较及凋亡检测

目的对人头皮游离毛囊(HF)切片制作及凋亡检测方法进行比较。方法分别将石蜡切片法和冰冻切片法应用于游离毛囊;利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)进行荧光染色与3,3′-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)染色,检测未经培养的游离毛囊及培养5 d的游离毛囊的不同部位凋亡细胞情况。结果在对游离毛囊形态检测中,各组毛囊在外根鞘(ORS),毛球(HB)下部,真皮鞘(DS)及毛乳头(DP)中的凋亡细胞数并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论冰冻切片法应用于游离毛囊简单有效,TUNEL原位荧光结合DAB染色适合于检测毛囊细胞凋亡情况。     

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro by tamoxifen

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on rat C6 glioma cells. Methods C6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium （DMEM） with 3% fetal calf serum （FCS）, and treated with tamoxifen of different concentrations, i.e. group A （1.25 μmol/L）, group B （2.50 μmol/L）, group C （5. 00 μmol/L）, group D （10. 00 μmol/L）, group E （20. 00 μmol/L） and control group （0. 00 μmol/L）. Morphological changes, MTT assay and 5-bromo-2＇-deoxyuriding labeling ratio were assessed. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Results C6 cells treated with different doses of tamoxifen for 24, 48, and 72 hours became irregular in shape, while cells treated with vehicle grew normally. MTT assay showed that tamoxifen did not suppress C6 cell growth until 72 hours after treatment. Seventy-two hours after treatment, there were significant differences in cell viable rate between group A versus groups C, D and E; so did group B versus group D as well as group E （P〈 0.05 ）. BrdU incorporation assay indicated significant difference of BrdU labbled index （BrdU LI） among groups A, C, E and control group 48 hoers after treatment （P〈0.05）. And the BrdU LI decreased with the increased concentration of tamoxifen. Flow cytometry （FCM） showed significant difference between treated group and control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Tamoxifen significantly suppresses the growth of C6 glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of tamoxifen suppressing C6 glioma cells may be inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, tamoxifen can be a candidate as a chemotherapy agent for glioma.     

神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布

目的观察神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布。方法取转录有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的孕16 d SD鼠胚脑海马组织,培养成神经干细胞球,注射到脊髓损伤鼠第四脑室,通过免疫染色和电镜,观察其在脊髓的存活、分化状况。结果移植细胞在脊髓表面形成细胞团,大多分布于损伤区头侧的腹、背侧两面。细胞团面积背侧小于腹侧;数目背侧多于腹侧,并于术后5 d达到高峰。这种分布和增殖形式见于损伤脊髓正常部分和无损伤脊髓(对照组)。1周时细胞侵入损伤区,分化并表达神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。2~3周时与宿主细胞良好融合。结论通过脑脊液移植细胞对于损伤性脊髓进行干细胞移植是一种实用、有效的方法。     

庆大霉素中毒豚鼠蜗核SP免疫反应阳性神经元的变化

用免疫组化方法探讨庆大霉素耳中毒时蜗核ＳＰ免疫反应神经元的胞体截面积及细胞数的变化。结果发现庆大霉素１００ｍ ｇ·ｋｇ－ １·ｄ－ １腹腔注射后１ｄ,豚鼠蜗核ＳＰ样神经元胞体截面积立即发生了变化,并持续到连续注药第２１ 天;ＳＰ样神经元细胞数量的相对变化发生在注药３ｄ 以后。结果提示：①庆大霉素中毒豚鼠蜗核神经元的变化和耳蜗的病变可能同时发生或蜗核早于耳蜗病变。②临床上治疗氨基甙类抗生素所致耳聋应兼治中枢病变并尽早实施     

川芎嗪对成体大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回细胞增殖的影响

目的研究川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)细胞增殖的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠行2 h大脑中动脉阻塞手术,术后2 h开始腹腔注射TMP[40 mg/(kg.d)]。手术后腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷(5-bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU),末次注射24 h后处死动物,免疫组化染色观察TMP对脑缺血再灌注损伤后DG细胞增殖的作用。结果正常组和假手术组在DG有少量BrdU阳性细胞,对照组缺血后1 d阳性细胞开始增加,14 d达到高峰(P<0.05),TMP治疗组缺血后1 d损伤侧BrdU阳性细胞数开始增加,7 d达高峰(P<0.05)。结论TMP能促进缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经干细胞增殖。