空运装载问题求解方法研究

针对空运装载问题,重点研究多目标多载具装载问题的数学模型,并提出基于重量差优先的禁忌邻域搜索优化算法来求解模型。实验结果表明该算法不仅保证目标函数值不恶化,还使得解空间搜索时间大大减少,极大地提高了模型求解速度。     

内贸集装箱超重现象的治理建议

<正>由于近年来内贸集装箱发展迅速,内贸集装箱运输过程中出现了一些问题,其中以内贸集装箱超重问题反响最大,治理内贸集装箱超载现象的要求呼之欲出一、内贸集装箱超重原因分析1.货源结构分散化内贸集装箱所装载货物的货源结构与外贸集装箱装载货物相比,呈现散装大宗货物、低值货重的特点,更易出现货主追求多装、货物超出箱体限重的状况。目前内贸集装箱承载货     

基于北斗卫星导航系统及无线通信的海运集装箱全球监控跟踪系统设计

为保障堆场安全和集装箱全球监控,介绍我国集装箱监控系统,分析海运集装箱运输和管理过程中存在的不足,以集装箱船舶、码头堆场分类摆放,集装箱精准吊装及摆放管理两个项目为例,提出无线通信平台与北斗卫星导航系统相结合的技术,可实现集装箱货物在全球范围内运输时的集中管理及货物状态的实时监测和位置跟踪服务。     

集装箱的内包装箱标准化的必要性

在运输生产实际中发现，集装箱内所装货物装货后集装箱的内空间往往没有被占满，原因是因装货的包装箱尺度与集装箱的内空间尺度不匹配。集装箱内的空间，造成集装箱的内壁与货物之间形成空档，给货物移动造成条件。通常集装箱装载在船上，是以集装箱的几何形心位置来计算船的整体重心位置的。当集装箱没有被装满时，     

请向超载说不

正2019年10月10日,江苏无锡高架桥侧翻事故致3人死亡,2人受伤。经调查组初步分析,事故系货运车辆超载所致,个别涉事车辆超载超过300%。看似坚不可摧的高架桥被超载货车压垮,这样的事实打破了许多人的认知,带来的是挥之不去的恐惧。此次事故让人不禁想起困扰港口企业多年的一个问题一内贸集装箱超载问题。内贸集装箱超载问题十分突出。内贸集装箱所装载货物的货源结构与外贸集装箱装载货物相比,呈现散装大宗货物、低值货重的特点,更易出现货主追求多装、货物超出箱体限重的状况。目前内贸集装箱承载货物品种主要包括粮食、建材、矿砂、纸浆、煤炭等大宗散货,这些货物远远超过了《港口收费计费办法》中重货的标准,且对装箱没有特殊要求,导致超载现象屡禁不止。     

集装箱装载货物的优化研究

在集装箱运输中,为了充分发挥集装箱运输的效益,降低运输费用,不仅要充分利用集装箱的有效载重量,而且还要充分利用集装箱的容积,这就对货物在集装箱内积载提出了很高的要求。因此,必须加强对集装箱装载货物的优化技术研究。 为加快货物装卸速度,缩短周转时间,有时候货物先装载在托盘上,然后再装入集装箱内。本文仅以这一情况为例进行研究,提出装载优化模型。     

集装箱瑕疵与货损责任的承担

集装箱运输以其“高效、便捷、安全”的特点受到越来越多货主的欢迎，已成为班轮运输的基本形式。集装箱的优点之一是可以使货物得到很好的保护。将货物装在集装箱内，使货物在从一种运输工具转移到另一种运输工具时，只需移动集装箱，而无需将货物掏出再一件件地重新装载，因此，货物不会轻易遭到损坏。但这种运输方式亦不可避免地产生其他一些新问题，例如冷藏集装箱不制冷、箱体破损等。     

冷藏集装箱内部温度场分布的试验研究

通过对冷藏集装箱的内部温度场在装载货物情况下的试验,测出内部的各个测量点的温度值,了解冷藏集装箱的实际温度场分布情况,分析这些数据,可以评价冷藏集装箱的结构设计是否合理,货物装载情况是否适当,为改进货物装载方式和系统的设计提供依据．     

装载计算机操作中改善船体纵向受力状况的方法

介绍了在装载计算机操作中改善船舶纵向受力（切刀和弯矩沿船长分布）状况的基本原理、操作步骤和操作实例。它为在装载计算机操作中如何选定合适的位置，采取调整货物（或集装箱）装载量或灯、排压载水等措施来改善船舶切力和弯矩沿船长分布的状况提供了一种实用方法。     

青岛港液体化工码头开工建设

集装箱装载的货物品种繁多,涉及各类进出口商品.与其他对外贸易运输方式相比较,集装箱运输的作业地相对集中,一般都经过集装箱专用码头和集装箱场站集散.因此,世界各地的病害尤其是来自疫区的病害均有可能通过集装箱传播.其传播病害的机会高于其他包装方式.集装箱运输方式保证了货物的安全,但同时也使病害的隐蔽性增大,增加了检验检疫的难度,使集装箱及其装载货物的检验检疫具有更高的风险性.     

混合蚁群算法求解集装箱箱位分配问题

集装箱船配载过程中的重要环节是合理的箱位分配,它对保证集装箱船装载后的航行性能及其码头装箱效率有重要的影响.随着集装箱船的大型化及待装船箱量的增加,该问题的求解较为困难.结合集装箱船配载中箱位分配的实际操作特点,提出了利用与禁忌算法相结合的混合蚁群算法来求解集装箱的箱位分配问题.仿真模拟试验表明该算法能够在不影响装箱难度的同时,大幅提高集装箱装船后船舶的航行性能.     

A two-phase tabu search approach to scheduling optimization in container terminals

An optimization model for scheduling of quay cranes （QCs） and yard trailers was proposed to improve the overall efficiency of container terminals. To implement this model, a two-phase tabu search algorithm was designed. In the QCs scheduling phase of the algorithm, a search was performed to determine a good QC unloading operation order. For each QC unloading operation order generated during the QC＇s scheduling phase, another search was run to obtain a good yard trailer routing for the given QC＇s unloading order. Using this information, the time required for the operation was estimated, then the time of return to availability of the units was fed back to the QC scheduler. Numerical tests show that the two-phase Tabu Search algorithm searches the solution space efficiently, decreases the empty distance yard trailers must travel, decreases the number of trailers needed, and thereby reduces time and costs and improves the integration and reliability of container terminal operation systems.     

Model and algorithm for container ship stowage planning based on bin-packing problem

In a general case, container ship serves many different ports on each voyage. A stowage planning for container ship made at one port must take account of the influence on subsequent ports. So the complexity of stowage planning problem increases due to its multi-ports nature. This problem is NP-hard problem. In order to reduce the computational complexity, the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems in this paper. First, container ship stowage problem （CSSP） is regarded as “packing problem”, ship-bays on the board of vessel are regarded as bins, the number of slots at each bay are taken as capacities of bins, and containers with different characteristics （homogeneous containers group） are treated as items packed. At this stage, there are two objective functions, one is to minimize the number of bays packed by containers and the other is to minimize the number of overstows. Secondly, containers assigned to each bays at first stage are allocate to special slot, the objective functions are to minimize the metacentric height, heel and overstows. The taboo search heuristics algorithm are used to solve the subproblem. The main focus of this paper is on the first subproblem. A case certifies the feasibility of the model and algorithm.     

Analysis of the continuous berth allocation problem in container ports using a genetic algorithm

The optimal usage of berths plays a key role in raising the efficiency of container terminals. The berth allocation problem in a container terminal is defined as the feasible allocation of berths to incoming ships such that the total time that elapses between the arrival of the ships to their exit from their berths is minimized. In the transportation literature, the latter problem is usually formulated as a mixed integer programming model. Optimization methods, like the branch and bound algorithm, are efficient ways to solve this model but become absolutely unusable when the size of the problem increases. An advanced search method such as GA may be suited to such a situation. In this paper, a genetic-based algorithm is proposed for the problem. Computational results for two test problems (a small and a large-sized problem) are also presented. The results from the small test are also compared with the results obtained from the branch and bound algorithm.     

基于多种群萤火虫算法的集装箱船结构优化

针对集装箱船结构优化问题,依据CCS规范建立以集装箱船舯剖面面积最小为优化目标,板厚、型材横截面积为离散设计变量的优化数学模型。提出一种多种群萤火虫算法,各种群设置不同的参数,提高搜索区域,多子群并行寻优、子群主群协作寻优提高算法寻优性能,对所建模型进行优化计算。优化算例表明,所提出的多种群萤火虫算法比标准萤火虫算法可以更快的收敛得到最优解,在满足所有约束条件情况下,集装箱船舯剖面面积最小约13.2%,验证了多种群萤火虫算法应用于集装箱船结构优化的有效性。     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

集装箱码头设备更新投资优化模型及算法研究

为解决集装箱码头设备更新的合理投资问题,在综合考虑投资成本、平均单船装卸效率的基础上建立了集装箱码头设备更新投资混合整数规划模型;利用遗传算法与仿真相结合的方式构建了模型的求解算法;以某集装箱码头设备更新投资方案的优化为实例对模型及算法进行了验证.结果表明该模型综合考虑投资的成本和效益,对集装箱码头装卸设备的投资进行优化;模型的求解方法能够在兼顾码头实际投资效果的基础上提高全局搜索的效率.     

基于改进遗传算法的集装箱装载优化问题研究

在考虑一些实际应用中的约束条件下,提出一种船用集装箱装载优化问题的改进遗传算法。实例仿真结果说明该算法的有效性和实用性,可以直接在实际中应用。     

国际集装箱运价管理机制的探讨——兼论运价报备制度实施的作用与实质

通过对试行的运价报备制度的作用与实质的分析提出了在目前国际集装箱运输市场以运价报备制度作为运价管理模式是合适的。运价报备制度比传统的各种运价管理模式刚性小、易于被业界各方接受,又可以作为国家宏观管理的一种政策手段,为长期稳定集装箱运价起到积极的作用,在目前运价全面放开的市场背景下还可以作为一种新运价管理模式。