建设"船员强国"下的海船高级船员资源分析

以建设"船员强国"为背景,通过我国海船高级船员资源供给现状和流失情况的调查与分析,提出海船高级船员资源并未因近年来的航海教育和船员考试规模跨越式发展而发生实质性的改变.强调海船高级船员资源是建设"船员强国"的重要基础,航海专业本、专科毕业生是其绝对主力,要留住人才,需要政府和社会的不懈努力.从提高船员职业的社会认同感的角度,提出建设"船员强国"下的海船高级船员资源改善途径的相关建议.     

对高校思想政治教育中"虚假接受"现象的思考

在高校思想政治教育中,不同程度地存在着"虚假接受"现象,其原因,一方面是来自受教育者在成长过程中产生的逆反心理;受教育者利益认同的冲突;受教育者对教育方法的抗拒。另一方面是教育者没有把握好受教育者主体性的需要;没有把握好教育中的情感渗透;没有把握好学生认知差距和认知特点。要避免虚假接受,必须切实提高教育者的素质;优化和创新思想政治教育方法;高度重视受教育者的主体性;营造良好的教育环境。     

Employability skills of maritime business graduates: industry perspectives

The maritime industry underpins international business and world trade. As to be expected, business management is critical for the maritime industry, requiring highly trained individuals and teams to lead the development, implementation and control of sound contemporary management practices. Maritime business degrees are developed by universities to meet such demand by providing graduates with sufficient skills for the onshore business-related roles. This empirical study conducted in Australia, USA and Canada, investigates current and future industry employability skills for maritime business graduates through focus groups, individual interviews and an online survey with senior managers in maritime organisations. This study found the important employability skills for maritime business graduates which include communication, problem solving, adaptability, self-management, team work, and digital literacy and technology. Demand for digital literacy and technology knowledge and skills have increased due to the maritime industry having a trend of moving towards digitalisation and automation. However, the survey findings revealed that a skills focus for maritime business graduates will not be the technology itself but the use and management of technology. In relation to future skills/knowledge required from maritime business degree graduates in 10 years’ time, communication and adaptability are recognised as being the most important. Employers expect that maritime business graduates should be able to adopt new technology and be competent in communication, and be more adaptable given the highly dynamic nature of the maritime industry. Moreover, they require graduates to be equipped with a higher level of computer skills, have a strong work ethic and multilingual skills.     

Assessing the economic significance of port activity: evidence from ABP Operations in industrial South Wales

The paper seeks to improve the evidence base surrounding regional ports and their economic impact. The paper reveals that industries dependent on the port infrastructure are actually key regional players, often operating in relatively fast growth sectors, and contributing to the economic and social needs of the local economy. The focus in the case element of the paper is the operations of Associated British Ports (ABP) plc in industrial South Wales. In examining the direct and indirect consequences of the port activity the paper adopts an input-output framework of analysis. A better contextualization of the economic impact of ports is shown to be necessary in the devolved policy-making environment in the region.     

Conceptual framework for Comparing University baccalaureate programmes in shipping management

For a long time, a maritime education meant the education of a mariner where technical knowledge of seafaring was taught. However, shipping has evolved into a global and sophisticated business where two kinds of managers are required: one that deals with the operation of the vessel and the other that deals with the shore-side business. The education landscape for shipping has also evolved with time. A mariner’s education has evolved from apprenticeship on a ship to a professional certificate from maritime academies. The shore-side business is traditionally staffed by master mariners that made the career transition from sea to shore but the current staffing trend is to employ graduates schooled in business and/or management. It has been long recognised that shore-side business personnel should ideally be also knowledgeable in vessel operations. Under this scenario, several maritime degree programmes have cropped up around the world to bridge the knowledge gap of shore-side business personnel. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of maritime education and selected maritime degree programmes around the world and proposes a conceptual framework for comparing the programmes. The conceptual framework serves as a guide for evaluating maritime education and an aid to curriculum design where choices of courses need to be made to fit into a 3-year or 4-year study programme.     

Maritime industrial relations: concepts and consequences

British merchant seamen cannot legally strike while their ship is at sea or in a foreign port: neither could they, until 1970, legally strike while working on ships in UK ports. Difficulties of union organization, conservative union leadership in the period spanning the turn of the century and the 1914–18 war, the authority of lawful command, and an over-supply of seamen are some of the factors that have made industrial relations in the British Merchant Navy unlike those of any other industry.     

Maritime industrial relations: concepts and consequences

British merchant seamen cannot legally strike while their ship is at sea or in a foreign port: neither could they, until 1970, legally strike while working on ships in UK ports. Difficulties of union organization, conservative union leadership in the period spanning the turn of the century and the 1914-18 war, the authority of lawful command, and an over-supply of seamen are some of the factors that have made industrial relations in the British Merchant Navy unlike those of any other industry.     

Assessing the economic significance of port activity: evidence from ABP Operations in industrial South Wales

The paper seeks to improve the evidence base surrounding regional ports and their economic impact. The paper reveals that industries dependent on the port infrastructure are actually key regional players, often operating in relatively fast growth sectors, and contributing to the economic and social needs of the local economy. The focus in the case element of the paper is the operations of Associated British Ports (ABP) plc in industrial South Wales. In examining the direct and indirect consequences of the port activity the paper adopts an input–output framework of analysis. A better contextualization of the economic impact of ports is shown to be necessary in the devolved policy-making environment in the region.     

Quality system for the implementation of STCW-95 in higher maritime education in Norway

This paper contains and presents the topics relevant for the construction of a quality system for higher maritime education in the Faculty of Maritime Studies at Vestfold College in Norway. The quality system determines how the Faculty shall present and supply its courses with regard to accepted international quality standards with reference to STCW-95.     

Quality system for the implementation of STCW-95 in higher maritime education in Norway

This paper contains and presents the topics relevant for the construction of a quality system for higher maritime education in the Faculty of Maritime Studies at Vestfold College in Norway. The quality system determines how the Faculty shall present and supply its courses with regard to accepted international quality standards with reference to STCW-95.     

Nautical training systems and the occupational behaviour of seamen: the Israeli experience

One of the most serious and persisting problems confronting the shipping companies of all the developed maritime nations is the retention of seafarers who will yield long periods of service at sea. Turnover and wastage involves considerable expenses in recruiting and training of new seafarers. One of the means for the recruitment and retention of seafarers is the vocational nautical school system. In contrast to general education, where the objectives are diffuse, vocational institutions have very specific functions. Their achievements are therefore generally measured by means of the relative number of graduates who enter and remain in the industry for which they were trained. The present study examines the problem of the commitment to the maritime occupation of graduates of nautical schools in Israel in recent years, and it attempts to evaluate nautical education by examining the proportion of graduates who actually entered the maritime occupation and the extent of their stability at sea. No attempt is made to evaluate the economic efficiency of the nautical training system.     

The gender perspective in maritime education and training

The aim of this article is to show if and how European maritime education and training institutions have met the increasing enrolment of women, and how shipping in general has reacted to gender equality. WMU has partly been the source for finding data related to studies in a multicultural and gender (minority) mixture of students and professors. In addition to a questionnaire to maritime education and training institutions, unstructured conversations with WMU students and professors have contributed to fact findings. Apparently, there is more to be done in order to have women compete on a level playing field in the sphere of shipping. Shipping is historically male dominated and conservative, so it is well understood that there are ropes to be untied. In this article, there are examples on how stakeholders in society have introduced policies on how to meet diversities. It is recommended that universities seriously pursue this trend. I wish to appeal to educational institutions to publish a university policy on the gender perspective and diversity management in general. The policy must be in writing in order for staff and students to understand and remember the content of the policy. This is an issue that should follow the quality assurance aims and goals and should be posted in a public place within the university’s premises for everybody to be reminded.     

Transformations and continuities of issues related to Chinese participation in the global seafarers’ labour market

Since the 1990s, Chinese seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese seafarers.     

浅议高校如何开展职业生涯规划教育

职业生涯规划教育关系着家庭、学校、社会等各个方面。是高校就业指导工作的重要组成部分。它可以分为三个阶段,即适应阶段、发展阶段和成熟阶段。高校应制定相应地阶段性目标和措施,对大学生进行分阶段职业生涯规划教育。同时应重视目前职业生涯规划教育出现的问题。     

Planning framework of analytical approaches applied to Zairean transportation

The purpose of the article is to provide an analytical planning framework which includes decision makers, organizations imposing operational and institutional constraints, direct customers and indirect beneficiaries. All these actors have differ-ent, only partially overlapping, interests; this increases the complexity of capital budgeting and imposes limitations on decision-making framework has important implica-tions for project selection, charging and depreciation policies. Although the illus-trations are limited to transport planning, the framework can be easily applied to any sector or country. For example, the English engineering students applied the framework to 18 industries in the U.K.: Auto-diesels, Bass, British Airways, British Gas, British Oxygen, British Petroleum, British Rail, British Steel, British Telecom, East Midland Electricity, Guinness, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Inter-national Computers Limited (ICL), Marks & Spencer, Mercury Communications, National Westminster Bank, Rover and Thames Television (see A. Kelvin, 1993, Increasing student participation in the learning process. Higher Education, 26(4), December, 449-470).     

中美英规范在港工水电构筑物结构设计的差异

水电构筑物结构设计是港口工程设计的重要组成部分。以有限单元法为基础,对比中国的GB 50010—2010、美国的ACI 318 M-2014、英国的BS 8110-1:1997这3个规范在港工常规构筑物结构设计中的计算方法,得出中美英规范在港工构筑物的抗弯、抗剪强度、偏心受压强度计算和裂缝宽度、地基承载力验算的异同,并结合典型工程实例说明按照不同规范计算的具体步骤和差异。结果表明,按照美国或英国规范计算的港工构筑物结构的体积含钢量较大。     

Analysis of students’ perceptions of seafaring career in China based on artificial neural network and genetic programming

Research indicates that the worldwide shortage of qualified seafarers has been due to the rapidly increasing world merchant fleet on the one hand and the difficulty of attracting and retaining people in the industry on the other. The paper argues that in the context of the Chinese shipping industry, the high “wastage” is one of the major contributors to the shortage. The aims of the research are to examine the motives of students studying nautical courses; identify the key factors affecting nautical students to choose seafaring career, and to predict students’ career choice behavior. The research finds that (a) those who had a clear sense of their future career when enrolled in the nautical studies tend to choose a seafaring career and remain active for a longer period of time; (b) high wage is the most important factor affecting students’ decisions to choose seafaring as a career; (c) prolonged separation from family, job opportunities ashore, and concern about children’s growth and education are among the top three factors for students not to choose a seafaring career or to quit it early; and (d) nautical students’ career choice behaviors can be predicted through the use of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) with five rules being generated. This novel methodological approach, a combination of ANN and GP, has been proven to be effective in analyzing complex variables and in generating rules.     

LNG船专用舾装码头动力配套的研究和应用

我国已能自主建设LNG船舶,这对舾装码头合适的动力配套能力提出了更高要求.介绍了LNG船码头舾装期特殊的建造工艺和技术标准,以及对码头动力配套的特别要求.提出了相应对策.普通码头施工电源和岸电系统通过采取增加动态无功补偿装置、静止式岸电电源等技术改造措施,提升动力配套标准,满足LNG船码头舾装期使用要求.     

中英联锁块铺面质量控制标准对比

联锁块铺面在港区大量使用,经调研发现我国各大港口联锁块铺面质量参差不齐。针对这一问题,对比中英联锁块铺面质量控制及检测相关的标准,得出其异同点。结果表明,中英标虽在联锁块外观质量、尺寸、强度和物理性能指标要求类似,但其抽检方法有所差别;中标缺少联锁块施工质量控制的部分参数要求,对铺面的初期维护和翻修要求也没有明确规定。对中标缺失的部分进行补遗,为新联锁块施工规范制定提供参考。     

Mooring load of a ship single-point moored in a steady current

The Technical Committee I.2 of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress 2000 identified the occurrence of highly peaked loads in the mooring hawser of single-point moored (SPM) ships as an important issue. Industry, research laboratories and universities were requested to contribute to a systematic study investigating the mooring load of two single-point moored tankers subject to a steady current. Contributions were received from three industrial participants, one research laboratory, and three universities. Comparative simulated time histories of the mooring load as well as the corresponding horizontal motion response of the SPM tankers were analyzed. A relatively large spread characterized the predicted results.