浅水风浪要素推算公式比较

对于缺乏长期波浪观测资料的新建港址,利用风况观测资料推算风成浪,是确定设计波浪的简便方法。选取宁波-舟山海域两处工程实例,分别运用国内主要浅水风浪推算公式——规范法与莆田法,对海湾水域与岛屿环抱水域两种典型海域进行不同重现期设计浅水风浪要素的推算。通过对风区长度、风区平均水深以及设计风速等主要变量的工况组合,归纳两种方法的计算结果差异性与适用性,结论可供工程设计参考。     

南海风浪环境统计特性分析方法研究

利用WRF气象模式对南海风场进行了数值后报,并以此为驱动场,采用SWAN海浪模式对南海海浪进行了数值模拟研究,得到连续20年的南海风浪资料。通过与观测资料进行对比验证,发现模拟数据与实测数据匹配较好。在此基础上,利用风浪后报数据分析了南海风浪长期统计特征。通过不同分布模型统计结果对比分析,选取误差最小的P-Ⅲ型方法对南海风浪极值条件进行了不同重现期推算,为南海海洋工程设计提供基础数据和科学支持。     

渤海湾西南部风浪关系分析

<正> 1 前言在海洋工程设计中,波浪要素的确定是重要因素之一。然而,就一般海区而言,有长期实测波浪资料的地区很少,为满足工程上的需要,必须进行一系列的推算。目前国内外用来推算波浪的主要手段是风,用风与浪建立相关关系,由较长期的风资料来推求较长期的波浪。这类计算风浪要素的方法已提出了很多,本文主要是利用无维量表达形式,对渤海湾西南部     

基于台风浪后报模型的外海重现期波浪要素分析

选用Jelesnianski(1965)热带气旋经验风场模式模拟台风场,采用基于动谱平衡方程的SWAN模型模拟台风浪,对1951—2010年我国东南沿海可能产生较大影响的台风浪进行了推算。在良好的风、浪验证基础上,基于台风浪数值后报结果,将波高数据进行回归分析,通过对广东沿海外海波要素计算结果与实测资料对比,结果表明两者吻合良好,可为海区内工程提供较好的参考。     

钦州湾波浪条件数值模拟研究

通过三娘湾海洋站风浪资料得出外海波要素,应用风区推算、抛物型缓坡方程、Boussinesq方程建立数学模型,对钦州湾港区波浪条件进行模拟计算,得出钦州湾波浪的波浪场状况。     

黄骅港海域风浪场推算及波浪破碎位置分析

以黄骅港近岸气象资料为依据,预测该区大风天外海风浪要素,再经浅水传播变形推算黄骅港海区风浪场,判定破碎波多发位置,结果证明方法可靠。     

规范法深水风浪要素计算图的修正

在缺少海洋水文观测资料的情况下,利用风浪要素计算图确定风浪尺度是工程人员推算设计波浪的简便方法。本文根据《海港水文规范》中推荐的方法和基本公式,绘制了深水风浪要素计算图,对现行规范中的计算图进行了修正。     

汕头防沙堤施工控制波高与本海域风的关系

本文通过对汕头地区风浪资料的分析,用不同方法得到了防沙堤施工期控制波高与本海域风的关系。其结论对安全施工起到了指导作用,同时也为类似缺少长期风浪同步观测资料的工程提供了一种可行的分析方法。     

谱方程模型在设计波要素计算中的应用

为分析谱方程模型在设计波要素计算中的适用性,以长江口口内水域的设计波要素推算为例,首先利用海图数据及长江口河口段地形数据构建波浪数学模型(MIKE21-SW模块),并验证了寒潮期间南槽东测站的风浪过程。然后对长江口附近气象站风速资料进行分析,确定计算水域的设计风速。最后在验证模型适用性的基础上,计算得到特定水域的设计波浪要素。     

SWAN风浪成长模型在近海设计波浪要素推算中的应用

根据黄、渤海区20 a中最大风速对应的风场过程,利用SWAN模型模拟风浪的成长过程,利用针对模型推算所得的烟台芝罘岛附近海域的系列波浪要素,进行P-III型曲线的拟合分析,得到不同重现期条件下的特征波浪要素。模型计算过程中,只需对美国NCEP和欧洲ECMWF风场后报资料进行简单校正,据此通过SWAN模型推算的特征波浪要素值就可与根据芝罘岛海洋环境监测站现场观测资料推断的波浪要素值基本一致。     

风玫瑰图的Matlab编程绘制

为了绘制海岸工程中的风玫瑰图,利用Matlab数据库工具箱实现了对水文观测数据库的调用。结合实例,说明了新方法使用的步骤和方法。通过设计GUI界面,完成了从水文资料数据库中提取风要素到风玫瑰图的绘制的整套解决方案。与其它方法相比,新方法简便有效,适用范围广。     

自升式钻井平台风载荷试验研究

由于风载荷的计算方法不准确,基于自主设计的自升式钻井平台,首次在国内风洞实验室进行了平均风静力的实验研究。首先根据模型设计相似性要求对包括钻井平台的风载荷进行了模拟实验,主要通过气动测量系统获得相关数据,然后与根据规范的计算结果进行了对比分析,最后建议对计算分析方法进行修正,为钻井平台优化设计奠定了基础。     

Wave data assimilation with the Kalman filter

A new data assimilation method for ocean waves is presented, based on an efficient low-rank approximation to the Kalman filter. Both the extended Kalman filter and a truncated second-order filter are implemented. In order to explicitly estimate past wind corrections based on current wave measurements, the filter is extended to a fixed-lag Kalman smoother for the wind fields. The filter is tested in a number of synthetic experiments with simple geometries. Propagation experiments with errors in the boundary condition showed that the KF was able to accurately propagate forecast errors, resulting in spatially varying error correlations, which would be impossible to model with time-independent assimilation methods like OI. An explicit comparison with an OI assimilation scheme showed that the KF also is superior in estimating the sea state at some distance from the observations. In experiments with errors in the driving wind, the modeled error estimates were also in agreement with the actual forecast errors. The bias in the state estimate, which is introduced through the nonlinear dependence of the waves on the driving wind field, was largely removed by the second-order filter, even without actually assimilating data. Assimilation of wave observations resulted in an improved wave analysis and in correction of past wind fields. The accuracy of this wind correction depends strongly on the actual place and time of wave generation, which is correctly modeled by the error estimate supplied by the Kalman filter. In summary, the KF approach is shown to be a reliable assimilation scheme in these simple experiments, and has the advantage over other assimilation methods that it supplies explicit dynamical error estimates.     

Experimental field study of floater motion effects on a main bearing in a full-scale spar floating wind turbine

In this paper we present a full-scale experimental field study of the effects of floater motion on a main bearing in a 6 MW turbine on a spar-type floating substructure. Floating wind turbines are necessary to access the full offshore wind power potential, but the characteristics of their operation leave a gap with respect to the rapidly developing empirical knowledge on operation of bottom-fixed turbines. Larger wind turbines are one of the most important contributions to reducing cost of energy, but challenge established drivetrain layouts, component size envelopes and analysis methods. We have used fibre optic strain sensor arrays to measure circumferential strain in the stationary ring in a main bearing. Strain data have been analysed in the time domain and the frequency domain and compared with data on environmental loads, floating turbine motion and turbine operation. The results show that the contribution to fluctuating strain from in-plane bending strain is two orders of magnitude larger than that from membrane strain. The fluctuating in-plane bending strain is the result of cyclic differences between blade bending moments, both in and out of the rotor plane, and is driven by wind loads and turbine rotation. The fluctuating membrane strain appears to be the result of both axial load from thrust, because of the bearing and roller geometry, and radial loads on the rotating bearing ring from total out-of-plane bending moments in the three blades. The membrane strain shows a contribution from slow-varying wind forces and floating turbine pitch motion. However, as the total fluctuating strain is dominated by the intrinsic effects of blade bending moments in these turbines, the relative effect of floater motion is very small. Mostly relevant for the intrinsic membrane strain, sum and difference frequencies appear in the measured responses as the result of nonlinear system behaviour. This is an important result with respect to turbine modelling and simulation, where global structural analyses and local drivetrain analyses are frequently decoupled.     

Research on the calculation method of penetration resistance of bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The cost of foundations for offshore wind turbines constitutes approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind farm. The bucket foundations show significant potential due to their superior transportation and installation efficiencies compared to pile foundations, leading to potential cost savings for the foundation of up to 30%. For a bucket foundation to be installed successfully, the penetration resistance must be predicted. However, there is currently a lack of clarity on how to select a suitable calculation method for penetration resistance based on known geological parameters to guide construction. In order to evaluate the current methods of calculation for bucket foundation penetration resistance, this study combines theoretical calculation methods with two sets of practical measurement data from the field. The calculation methods of penetration resistance for bucket foundation are first reviewed and categorized. The applicability range of each method and the parameters needed for calculation are given. Next, according to the measured data in the process of penetration of bucket foundation on site, the evolution of compartment pressure, tilt angle, resistance and required suction in the process of penetration are analyzed. Finally, the reviewed methods are compared to the results of two practical projects in order to analyze the differences between them and make recommendations for the calculation technique. The findings can be used as a guide for calculating the bucket foundation's penetration resistance in complex geological conditions.     

系泊船舶试验中风荷载的模拟

基于大型LNG船舶系泊物理模型试验,对2种试验室风荷载模拟实现技术（风机法与挂重法）进行分析与对 比。由风压力试验结果得出“风机法模拟风荷载结果与多个常用经验公式计算结果相差不大”的结论。风浪联合作用下的 船舶系泊模型试验结果表明:单纯风工况下2种方法测得的系缆力有所差异,但叠加波浪荷载后这种差异变小且不同位置缆绳 受力分配状况也有所改善。对上述结论及其形成原因进行与探讨,为船舶系泊物理模型试验中风荷载的合理模拟提供借鉴。     

唐山港京唐港区海域的风、波浪统计分析

根据在京唐港区建设过程中从港区附近海洋站收集的历史风速、风向、短期波浪观测资料和对上述资料进行的统计,分析港区附近的风、波浪等动力条件及其分布特征,并根据历史天气图推算不同重现期的设计波浪,分析设计波浪要素的变化情况.     

湖区风浪统计特性的研究

根据湖区的现场观测资料,利用数理统计和理论分析相结合的方法,探讨了湖区的波高和波周期的一元和二元联合分布,并给出了该湖区波浪的各种统计特征值,提出了波高、波周期和两者联合分布的经验分布模式。该公式为确定湖区风浪统计特征值提供依据和参考。     

Prediction of wave parameters by using fuzzy inference system and the parametric models along the south coasts of the Black Sea

Forecasting of sea-state characteristics has a great importance in coastal and ocean engineering studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate performances of Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and several parametric methods in the Black Sea. For this purpose, different fuzzy models with different input combinations were developed for two different wind data sources (TSMS and ECMWF) at two offshore buoy stations. It also aimed to apply several approaches to event-based data sets for wave predictions. Generally, in literature the tendency is to use time series data for wave predictions. In this kind of prediction approach, lagged time series data are taken as inputs and current or future variables are taken as output. In this study, event-based data for each independent storm were extracted from time series data. Simultaneous or concurrent data of wind speed, blowing duration, fetch length and wave characteristics were detected for each single storm. These event data were then used to set up models. The hindcast results were validated with significant wave height and mean wave period data recorded in Hopa and Sinop buoy stations. The performance of developed fuzzy models were also compared with that of four different parametric methods (Wilson, SPM, Jonswap, and CEM methods) applied for two wind data sources at both buoy stations. Finally, it was determined that in the prediction of both wave parameters (H _s and T _z) the ANFIS models (R = 0.66, squared correlation coefficient, and MAE = 0.37 m, mean absolute error, for the best model in prediction of H _s) were more accurate than the parametric methods (R = 0.63 and MAE = 0.75 m for the best model in prediction of H _s).     

岸边集装箱起重机风载荷数值模拟研究

岸边集装箱起重机抗风性能设计是不可缺少的控制性环节。本文对65t-65m岸边集装箱起重机风洞试验的模型进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟。通过计算几个典型的风向角和风速工况下起重机风洞试验模型,得到了丰富的流场及压力场信息,并绘制了速度分布和压力分布图。与风洞试验的数值对比,所得误差较小,说明使用CFD数值模拟的方法计算岸边集装箱起重机风载荷是可行的。