Sustainability and national policy in UK port development

Given the private sector character of the UK port system it might well be thought that, so far as port development is concerned, the market ruled. There are of course permissions to be obtained, including planning consent under the Town and Country Planning Acts; but this process has not so far been considered to interfere with market function. Ports are already well used to the process of obtaining approval, to negotiations with objectors and environmental interests, and to mitigating the effects of development when defining projects and seeking approval.

However, as ports policy is being brought into line with transport policy generally, and in particular with Government policy for sustainable development, ports are being faced with a more challenging regulatory framework. The search for sustainable transport is leading Government towards a broader based approach to the approval of development applications in which market need and commercial viability are simply two of a number of considerations which ports must take into account in designing projects which also meet environmental concerns.

There has been a long standing requirement for developers of major projects to carry out Environmental Impact Assessments. In addition Government policy is set out in a number of publications, applying sustainability and the associated “New Approach to Transport Assessment” (NATA) to the ports sector. In a separate and broader initiative it has also considered a radical reform of the planning system and the establishment of national priorities for infrastructure combined with a simplification of the Public Inquiry process. In the event it has been decided not to establish national priorities in the ports sector, although the aim of simplification of the Inquiry process remains.

The aim of this paper is to explore the emerging theoretical and practical issues arising within the development approval process. These are of most concern in the development of major projects for cargoes which have broad hinterlands, and where there are competing locations for new facilities. The most important example of this is in the deep sea container sector where there is a demand for new capacity and a choice of widely spaced locations in the south east of the UK. Some comment will be made on this sector and on the issues arising at the Public Inquiries for the proposed container port developments at Dibden Bay (Southampton) and the London Gateway at Shellhaven on the north bank of the Thames.     

The national role in world port development: United States and Western Europe

This paper gives a review of port policies of Western European countries and of the USA, and contrasts the roles of the ports of individual countries. Following a discussion on the assessment of port performance, the paper concludes with remarks on principles of port policy and the implications of Western European policies on US port policy.     

宁波舟山亮剑指洋山

2005年12月10日,洋山港宣布正式开港,与此同时,世界第一大港之冠,亦被揽入怀中。转瞬间,上海已将新加坡、香港等港口大鳄抛在了身后。这一年,港口业的舞台似乎成了上海港的独角戏。目睹上海港一跃成为世界港口业的焦点,近在咫尺的浙江,却品尝着另一番苦涩。在浙江人的内心深处,“洋山”本是浙江人的“洋山”。面对洋山港的横空出世,浙江省也在谋求应对之策。洋山港开港十日后,浙江省政府宣布:宁波舟山港实行“规划、建设、品牌、管理”四统一。“宁波舟山港”于2006年1月1日起正式启用,原有的“宁波港”和“舟山港”名称不再使用。无疑,宁波舟山港旨在世界第一港。于是,世界第一港之争,也便成了业界谈论和研究的课题。     

连云港港口枢纽经济发展路径

为积极融入一带一路倡议,加快打造一带一路合作倡议标杆和示范项目,界定港口枢纽经济的内涵,构建港口枢纽经济体系,并提出连云港港口枢纽经济的发展路径。按照发展路径,提出五大实施样板:打造一带一路交通标杆示范样板――重点建设新亚欧陆海联运通道,打造苏北运河―淮河流域运输结构调整样板――重点建设海河联运体系,打造综合物流集聚区样板――重点推进上合物流园建设,打造港产园联动发展样板――重点推进徐圩港产园联动发展,打造现代航运服务发展样板――重点推进连云国际航运服务集聚区建设。     

乍浦港临港贸易发展研究

阐述了目前沿海港口开展临港贸易的一般模式.结合中小港口自身的优劣势以及所处的政策环境,本文提出了中小港口开展临港贸易的新模式--搭建为贸易客户提供一体化贸易服务的临港贸易平台.同时总结中小港口临港贸易平台的性质和功能以及业务构成.     

Illusion as a factor in determining policy in development of a port: the case of Haifa

The mayor and citizens of Haifa live under the illusion that their city port possesses geographical advantages over competitor-ports, an attitude which gives rise to great hopes for the city's prosperity, especially after the peace agreement with Egypt.

On the basis of this illusion, decisions are made that may have severe consequences for the development of the port and the city. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the changes in the Middle East over the years have deprived Haifa of most of the geographical advantages it had, and so expose the illusion for what it is.     

推进宁波港口物流发展

港口物流业是跨行业、跨部门、跨地区的基础性行业,具有强大的经济渗透力和带动效应。加快港口物流业发展,对于推动宁波港口经济转型升级,实现宁波港域的可持续发展,全面提升宁波港域的综合竞争力和建设浙江海洋经济带,具有十分重要的意义。     

Editorial: The UK shipping policy

The purpose of this paper is to consider some of the issues arising from currency fluctuations or currency disparities and in particular their effects upon freight earnings through the application of a currency adjustment factor (CAF).

The operation of CAFs has been a source of great concern to shippers and shipper's councils since their introduction some seven years ago. The basis of this concern has been the widening differential of applicable CAFs as a surcharge on basic freight rates. The CAF system has been regarded by many as iniquitous and punitive. Conferences have been accused of insulating themselves from currency losses due to exchange-rate variability consequent upon the introduction of flexible exchange rates in 1971. However, this mounting pressure has brought the operation of the CAF formula under close scrutiny especially from four sources.

(a) Some member Councils of the European Shippers' Council (ESC).

(b) The Japanese Shippers' Council (JSC).

(c) The question of the legality of differential CAFs under the Treaty of Rome

(d) Complaints from North Continental Maltsters.     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

我国港口物流的特点和发展趋势

为推动港口物流发展,转变我国港口经济增长方式,分析近年我国港口物流的特点及部分港口的物流发展经验,总结未来我国港口物流发展的趋势：开展全程物流、多式联运、保税物流;服务临港产业;建设内陆“无水港”。     

用科学发展观指导港口发展

为更好地指导我国港口未来的发展,充分贯彻落实科学发展观,树立科学发展理念,走港口和谐发展与可持续发展之路,在深入分析胡锦涛总书记“十七大”报告精神基础上,对以下几个方面进行探讨：（1）改变港口发展模式,转变港口发展观念;（2）充分做到港口的“资源节约”和“环境友好”;（3）以港口为出发点,使得各种运输方式全面协调发展;（4）以港口为突破口,发展我国现代物流业;（5）鼓励港口资源的跨区域整合;（6）做好港口安全预警和预案工作;（7）港口发展方式由“大”到“强”转变;（8）探讨港口科学发展的长效机制。     

地主港模式及其在中国的发展

地主港模式是世界港口发展的趋势。首先明确了地主港的概念以及实行地主港模式的好处,接着分析了我国建立地主港模式的条件,在此基础上,提出了我国发展地主港模式的建议。     

洋山:让上海港如虎添翼

在我国这样一个市场巨大、腹地辽阔的国家,特别是长三角地区,如果没有一个国际航运中心,在国际分工与竞争中就会处于被动地位。近百年内天然水深都将保持在15米左右的洋山深水港,不仅能从容接纳当前世界上最大型的8500标箱集装箱船,也能满足明年出现的吃水14.5米的万箱“巨无霸”集装箱船的停泊,是上海竞争国际航运中心打出的一张“王牌”。刚刚开港的洋山深水港区是本年度上海向国际航运界献上的又一份大礼。     

透视我国中小港口发展

在枢纽港之争的背后,中小港口的发展应得到更多的重视,文章分析了中小港口存在的问题,明确了中小港口发展定位,指出中小港口发展动因及阻力,对其发展方向给予建议。     

浅谈港口铁路的发展

随着我国港口的飞速发展,集装箱吞吐量增大,疏运的重要性凸显出来,在各种集疏运方式中,以铁路运输的发展潜力最大。     

Will a national port regulator solve congestion problems in Australian ports?

Australia's ports are an integral part of the nation's economy, which relies heavily on trade. In Australia, the governance of ports is the responsibility of the governments of Australia's six states and the Northern Territory, all of which have their own legislation covering the running of the ports and the establishment of port corporations. The respective legislation governing the running of Australia's ports is not uniform, and neither are the models for port management that they create. In May 2005, the then Deputy Prime Minister and Federal Transport Minister announced that the Commonwealth planned to take control of the planning and investment decision making of Australia's ports. The reasoning behind this is said to be Australia's poor trade performance and bottlenecks in ports which hold up trade and ultimately cost money. The Federal government has sought to do this under Section 51(i) of the Australian Constitution in order to update and integrate Australia's transport system. This announcement has caused disquiet among the states that had no previous notice of the announcement and for which ports are a major source of revenue. The transfer of power to the Commonwealth may lead to the Commonwealth being able to take further powers from the states, not only in relation to the ports but in relation to other areas such as industrial relations. Industry groups claim they have been pushing for a larger role for the Commonwealth in the running of the nation's ports, but question as to what extent the Commonwealth should be involved.     

Environmental zoning restrictions on port activities and development

With the port industry facing increased cargo volumes, the need for expansion of landside facilities is eminent. The ports face a dilemma which can cause considerable damage to their futures. This threat comes in the form of environmental policy. Since the early 1970's, Europe has been involved in an 'environmental crusade' which seeks to protect habitats and species of wildlife. The creation of 'environmental zones' to protect these areas, are spreading rapidly along the coastlines and waterways where ports are situated and in need of development to handle increased cargo volumes. This paper is aimed at developing an understanding of the potential impact of environmental zoning on the future of ports, as well as presenting the facts and legislation supporting this environmental crusade.     

落实科学发展观转变港口发展方式

党的十七大和中央经济工作会议都提出落实科学发展观,加快转变经济发展方式,调整产业结构．推动产业优化升级。这说明我国经济发展道路将有根本性转变,经济发展战略发生了从转变经济增长方式到转变经济发展方式的显著变化,从过去粗放型增长方式转变为全面协调发展,展示我国经济发展方式不是仅依靠增长,而是依靠包括增长的发展。