我国公路货运价格特性分析

<正>2006年1月起,我国建立了全国普通货物公路运价指数,基准期为2006年1月5日,基期综合运价为0.49元/吨公里。公路运价指数是在对全国7大经     

货运企业:坚守还是转型?

2006年,大多数货运企业都面临传统与现实的抉择:要么坚守阵地,要么转型.一方面,传统运输企业并没退出货运市场竞争;另一方面,居高不下的油价、持续低迷的运价对货运行业构成难局.     

货物运价破雾看花

长久以来,公路货运价格一直在不透明的状态下若隐若现.为了能够较好地描述公路货运市场价格的波动情况,客观反映我国公路运输市场结构和市场的供求变化,公路运价指数应运而生.该指数的建立有利于政府部门对公路运输市场的宏观调控,也有利于广大货主企业、物流企业、运输企业、代理企业等方便地获取市场信息,对我国公路货运市场向规范化发展具有推动作用.     

基于效用函数的铁路货运分担率研究

为研究铁路货运分担率影响因素,提高铁路货运市场竞争力,选取影响铁路和公路货运分担率的四个因素,即运价、运输时间、安全性和准时性,并对这四个因素的权重进行分析标定,得出影响货运分担率的效用函数,并利用Logit模型得出具体货运通道内铁路和公路的货运分担率,为铁路货运服务模式调整提供方向。     

关于治理双超运价问题的思考

在治理公路车辆超限超载(以下简称双超)中,凸显出运用经济手段治理双超运价这个标本兼治的问题。运价这个经济杠杆,如何撬动双超这个顽石,倍受人们关注。对于双超运价的形成,众说纷纭。归纳起来,有“运输成本说”:即燃料、养路费、车辆通行费等因素造成运价的运输成本升高,运价不为货主接受走低而双超;“追逐利润”说:车主为追逐利润而超载降低成本,使运价走低;“恶性竞争”说:运输市场开放后,货运运力猛增而大于需求,带来恶性竞争降低运价等等。综合各种因素分析,双超运价的形成主要是货运市场未能有效调控,进入市场的运力散乱饱和、供大于…     

对铁路运价改革的思考

<正> 一、铁路运营亏损严重 1989年、1990年经国务院批准对铁路客、货运价分别进行了调整,货运运价平均水平达到2.65分,普通客车硬席客票的运价率达到3.861分,此后四、五年来,除开征铁路建设基金及今年10月1日起客运调价外,货运运价水平一直未动,而此期间,生产资料价格大幅度上涨,1993年机车牵引用煤、柴油、电以及钢轨价格分别比1990年增长102.76％、120.76％、90.45％和164.8％,致使铁路运输成本水平大     

我国铁路货运价格改革初探

运价是客户选择运输方式的重要因素。铁路运输与公路、民航等运输方式相比较，具有大运量、全天候、均衡运输、受自然条件影响较少的特点。同时单位能耗较低，对环境污染较小，在中长距离的货物运输中占有优势。但铁路在各种运输方式的激烈竞争中，市场份额在逐步萎缩，其中运价体系不合理是重要的影响因素之一，铁路货运要想在竞争中取得优势，就必须改革不合理的运价体系。     

政策法规

国务院发布改革铁路投融资体制意见 日前，国务院发布“关于改革铁路投融资体制加快推进铁路建设的意见》（简称《意见》），提出全面开放铁路建设市场，对新建铁路实行分类投资建设，鼓励社会资本投资建设铁路。稳步理顺铁路价格关系，并建立铁路货运价格随公路货运价格变化的动态调整机制，创造条件，将铁路货运价格由政府定价改为政府指导价，增加运价弹性。     

铁路赁运价格上涨

近日,国家发改委、铁道部下发《关于调整铁路货物运输价格的通知》,从5月20号起,全国铁路货运统一运价上调,货物平均运价水平每吨公里上调1分钱,是上一次调整幅度的五倍,这也是国家第七次上调铁路货运价格。此次对铁路货运价格的调整共包括整车7个运价号的货运价格的调整,其中煤炭运价基价1由10．80元／吨上调至12．20元／吨,基价2由0．0553元／吨上调至0．0629元／吨。     

铁路货改问题

<正>铁路货运改革应找准关键转眼间,铁路货运改革实施已有一年,铁路部门的"门到门"服务迅速扩张,但在目前高铁运能不足,牺牲货运保障客运运力的大环境下,这一策略能走多远,尚待考究。运输市场竞争另一个关键是价格。自2012年以来,铁路部门连续3次提价,上调之后的运价从表面看来,远远低于公路价格,然而将货物运输的两端物流、装卸成本考虑进去后,铁路运输的价格优势也风光不再。可见,如     

Model,process, technique,and the good thing

The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework. Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally, in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.

Walking frequency, cars, dogs, and the built environment

To explain walking propensity or frequency, empirical studies have generally used two sets of explanatory variables, namely, socio-demographic variables and built environment variables. They have generally shown that both socio-demographic characteristics and built environment characteristics are associated with walking propensity. We examine the traditional walkability variables that encompass density, mix of uses, and network connectivity in New Jersey, using a statewide sample including an oversample of Jersey City. We estimate a two-stage least squares model using a conditional mixed process that combines an ordered probit model of walking frequency in the second stage based on a truncated regression of car ownership in the first stage. Our results show that built environment variables have some small effects, mainly from better network connectivity associated with increased walking frequency. One of our key findings is that built environment features also work indirectly via how they influence car ownership. In general, we find sufficient evidence that suggests fewer cars are owned in areas with more walkable built environment features. The other key variable that we control for is whether a household owns a dog. This also proved to be strongly associated with walking suggesting that dog ownership is a necessary control variable to understand the frequency of walking.     

Space,money, life-stage,and the allocation of time

Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.

     

Poverty,policy, and public transportation

By all appearances, the circumstances surrounding employment and income distribution in the United States have remained notably the same over the past 30–40 years. At the same time, policies for improving the conditions of low-income persons have remained relatively unchanged. Relevant published accounts continue to cite poorly integrated residential and employment location patterns and poor public transportation service as critical obstacles to improving the economic and social conditions of low-income persons. The relationship between poverty and public transportation was researched extensively during the late 1960s and the early 1970s; however, little recognition has been given to these efforts by more recent research efforts. To learn from the past we should review public transportation policies from 1960 to 2000 to highlight federal policies that affected urban areas during this time period, especially in relation to low-income transportation mobility.     

Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety,liability, privacy,cybersecurity, and industry risks

ABSTRACT

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.