Technical standardization of ITS and Asian initiatives for intelligent mobility

User-centric intelligent mobility businesses emerge and prosper in Asian metropolitan areas by utilizing the progress if information and communication technology (ICT). Under the rise of private lead initiatives on intelligent transport systems (ITS), the roles of public sectors are still large. Public sectors should precisely identify the extensive ITS services by considering the regional conditions and deploy them by collaboration between the public and private. Public sectors also are strongly encouraged to identify the benefits acquired by development and compliance of the international technical standards. Furthermore, in order to maximize the potential capacity of ICT, improvements of social infrastructures are required by the public sectors together with private businesses. With the realization of the collaboration works, Asian regions are well deserved to take the lead in future ITS initiatives.     

巡回出租车市场卫星派遣车队最适规模之研究

出租车乃公共运输系统中最具经营弹性之运输工具,在经济活动频繁之都会地区广为旅行者所欢迎。近年,由于信息与通讯科技的发展,以及日益增高的行车成本,应用卫星派遣俨然已成为出租车市场的趋势与潮流。研究以双层规划数学分析模型描述巡回暨卫星派遣出租车市场之营运绩效,考虑社会福利最大与营运者利润最大的双阶层目标,研析最适车队规模和卫星派遣出租车比例,并针对使用卫星派遣服务之乘客数量,分析出租车市场结构的变化。     

Shared public transport within a physical internet framework: Reviews,conceptualization and expected challenges under COVID-19 pandemic

Traffic congestion, dominated by private mobility, reveals not only negative impacts on road safety and the environment, but also on community cohesion. With the global COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2COVID-19 (COVID-19) epidemic, there is an urgent need for social isolation and the use of individual private transport as per the approved health guidelines. Urban transport, especially public transportation (PT), is among the primary sectors affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, novel alternatives for competitive PT services still have to be provided to remain meeting the socio-economic and ecological PT challenges. In this respect, sharing PT vehicles carrying passengers (shared freight-PT) could exploit a significant residual capacity as absorptive capacity is actually reduced. However, such use is based on a large-scale mutualization. The idea of integrating freight in passenger transit networks could be efficient within a Physical Internet (PI or π) framework for improving system monitoring, operational performance and, user comfort. This paper explores the major trends in the theory and practice of shared transport systems, in terms of passengers and freight, and suggests a PI conceptual framework to check if we could promote such logistics. In exploring the PI approach, a number of proposals appear providing answers and advance researches towards shared freight-PT.     

Fostering partnerships towards sustainable urban mobility from the national to local level: Matsuyama,Japan and Yogyakarta,Indonesia

This paper analyzes the implementation of Japan's and Indonesia's national frameworks aiming to promote sustainable urban mobility by placing transport policy coordination as pre-requisites under the decentralization regime. It takes two cities, Matsuyama and Yogyakarta, as the case studies. The analytical framework developed here highlights multi-level government coordination, coordination among local stakeholders, and regulator–operator coordination. The analysis is based on policy documents review, field observation, hearing and a questionnaire survey. The study shows some good practices as well as drawbacks of the schemes and produces lessons-learned from Japan's ‘omnibus town scheme’ to improve Indonesia's public transport program and for other cities in developing countries.     

Looking at sustainable urban mobility through a cross-assessment model within the framework of land-use and transport integration

In order to realise sustainable urban transport, it is necessary to combine different kinds of decision-making, including vision-led, plan-led and consensus-led approaches. In this paper, a cross-assessment model that supports both vision-led and consensus-led approaches is proposed as an analytical tool for developing sustainable urban transport and land use strategies for a low-carbon society. It is applied to an impact analysis of public transport and land use strategies in 2030 for all of Japan's 269 urban areas, with outcomes – including the financial balance of public transport operation, user benefits, and CO₂ emissions reduction – compared by strategy and urban area.     

汽车营销过程中的问题及对策分析

伴随着社会的进步和国内经济的快速发展,现如今人们的生活质量和水平得到快速提升,人们更多的愿意购买私家车作为代步工具,这带来了汽车销售市场的巨大机遇。在大众购买力提升的环境下,汽车销售发展空间也不断扩大,但是众多汽车品牌的营销竞争也更加激烈,如何获得营销竞争优势开始广受关注。本文以此为出发点,首先分析了我国常见汽车营销模式,之后总结了营销问题,最后针对问题提出了我国汽车营销发展对策及建议,以期为营销实践提供参考和支持。     

国际公交发展模式分析与中国城市公交市场发展模式探讨

国际实践已经证明,公交行业引入市场竞争机制能够低成本地大幅提高公共交通的效率和服务质量,是解决城市公共交通问题并发展可持续交通的有效途径。该文通过对国际上目前存在的各种公交市场发展模式进行回顾性分析,并对适应于中国城市的公交发展模式进行探讨,对推行先进的、具有适应性的公交发展模式来改善公交服务,提高公共交通系统的整体水平方面提供相关研究。     

联网高速公路交通信息服务系统建设

从我国联网高速公路交通信息服务匮乏的现状出发,探讨我国交通信息服务不完善的原因。根据ITS系统框架,提出适用于我国联网高速公路的交通信息服务系统框架,论述交通信息服务系统的组成部分和实现条件,提出交通信息服务系统分阶段建设目标及展望。     

Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.     

The travel behaviour of ride-sourcing users,and their perception of the usefulness of ride-sourcing based on the users' previous modes of transport: A case study in Bandung City,Indonesia

Research provides evidence that ride-sourcing has not only substituted for private transport but also public transport. For further investigation of this substitution effect, this paper explores the travel behaviour of ride-sourcing users and those users' socio-demographic characteristics as well as perception of the usefulness of ride-sourcing based on the users' previous modes of transport before ride-sourcing existed. For these purposes, the study collected data using a questionnaire survey in Bandung City in 2018. We found that substitution from public transport exists for younger travellers, while substitution from private transport is most likely associated with infrequent and higher-income travellers. We also found open spaces, a green environment and high interaction society in the residential environments that have more association with high-income travellers, thus associated with lower use of ride-sourcing for former private transport users. This study found that travellers who resided in areas with similar, high-income characteristics tend to have a positive appreciation of ride-sourcing. It appears that the increasing perceived usefulness does not straightforwardly increase the frequency of usage. Therefore, travellers who lived in a more high-end and active social environment might appreciate the role of ride-sourcing services in some of their trips that complement another daily trip.     

Public private partnerships in transportation: Some insights from the European experience

Most EU member states and the European Commission regard the PPP as an important tool to attract additional financial resources for high priority investments such as transport. The objective of this paper is to delineate the EU panorama of PPP markets and investigate the impacts of EU institutions in the development and success of this type of financial arrangement for the transport sector in Europe. We examine how the scope of the PPP in Europe is based on the flexibility and adaptability of the contract to the features of the project and to the economic and institutional environment. These issues are illustrated through a number of examples in the transport sector. We conclude by observing that the market for PPPs, although still fragmented nationally, is developing a European dimension and attracting resources from a variety of players.     

基于GIS—T的公路信息系统构建

以吴江公路信息系统开发为例,介绍了公路信息系统的架构,公路基础数据库的设计,基于桩号的线性坐标系统变换,桩号定位和桩号识别技术。采用（B／S）和（C／S）相结合的模式组建信息系统,以公路基础数据库为核心,针对管理部门和公众开发不同服务。将地图数据、属性数据、路产设施数据及交通管理数据分离,以公路路线为基本单位进行管理,以事件表形式存储所有相关路产设施。利用车载GPS设备获取路线资料,利用桩号进行线性坐标变换,实现了快速桩号定位和桩号识别,同时结合动态分段技术和事件表,动态生成所有路产设施的地图图层。     

深圳地铁9号线工程风险防控研究

地铁工程是百年工程,工程风险防控不仅关系到工程的安全建造,且关乎到投资的合理回报。采用系统分析研究方法,对深圳地铁9号线工程的市场风险、资源风险、工程风险、管理风险、资金风险、外部协作配套条件风险进行系统性分析,提出了工程组织管理措施及技术措施等工程风险防范措施,对重大地质灾害、危险边坡、重大管线改迁、交通疏解风险控制等重大风险进行了专项风险控制方案对策研究,相关研究成果可为国内其他轨道交通工程提供借鉴。     

关于施工企业财务风险管理的探讨

根据当前国内建筑市场的现状和施工企业的特点,阐述了目前施工企业财务风险的主要类型,通过具体分析各类风险产生的原因,提出了施工企业防范财务风险应采取的对策和措施。     

我国汽车企业服务体系建立与发展

随着科学技术的进步,生产工艺的日臻完善,有形产品在物质形式方面难以体现差异．而服务已成为市场竞争的焦点。汽车企业竞争优势正向服务领域转移,我国汽车制造商应加快与国际接轨,在短期内力争迎头赶上。通过分析我国汽车服务体系的特点,并结合国外先进的经验,阐述了我国汽车企业如何建立和完善汽车服务体系。     

论不同提供主体下道路资源的有效供给

从准公共产品的特征出发，分析了道路资源典型的准公共产品特性，阐述了公共部门提供（准）公共产品和私人部门提供（准）公共产品同样都存在着低效率和社会福利损失的原因。在针对由政府部门提供免费道路、政府提供收费道路以及私人提供收费道路三种供给方式进行了经济学比较的基础上，提出了几种以公私合作供给为基础的道路资源有效供给方式。     

地铁浅埋暗挖工程施工中的风险管理

由于地铁工程项目具有一次性、投资大、周期长、要求高等特点,而施工过程是在复杂的自然和社会环境中进行,不可避免地受到各种各样的不确定因素的干扰,并引发工程项目的控制目标不能实现的风险。通过对北京地铁五号线崇文门-东单站区间隧道施工中风险的识别、分析和应对措施,有针对性地对地铁浅埋暗挖工程的风险管理提出了有益的建议。     

工程机械融资租赁的风险控制

为了更好地控制工程机械融资租赁的风险,针对工程机械融资租赁这一特殊行业的特点,通过工作总结和文献研究,对融资租赁中的风险加以分析、评价,提出了相应的风险控制方法,对工程机械融资租赁的风险控制具有指导意义.     

Non-Contact Suspension and Propulsion Technology

SUMMARY

As a result of extensive research and development in several countries, the technologies of magnetic suspension and linear electric drives are becoming available for transportation applications. The successful demonstration and operation of prototype vehicles has established the technical viability of these systems. Several urban transit or shuttle services, with magnetic suspension and/or linear motor propulsion are likely to be operational within 3-4 years. After the final stages ofdevelopment and rigorous testing, high speed systems are likely to be an option for intercity implementation by the end of the decade. This paper presents a report on the worldwide status of R&D and test programs of non-contact suspension and propulsion technology for guided ground transport.     

论地下公共工程防汛影响论证的必要性

该文通过地下公共工程的现状和发展趋势、地下公共工程的特殊性、“麦莎”台风期间上海市地下公共工程进水积水情况分析等,论述了进行地下公共工程防汛影响专项论证的必要性。