Drivers' perceptions regarding speeding and driving on urban residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit

Previous studies have shown very little information regarding drivers' opinions, attitudes and behaviours with respect to speeding and driving on urban residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit. The present research aims to address this issue by conducting a questionnaire study with a sample of 367 Japanese drivers. The results showed that drivers tended to have positive beliefs about complying with the 30 km/h speed limit and understand the negative consequences of speeding; however, a majority of the drivers considered breaking the speed limit as a way to reduce their travel time. While the extent of speeding was found to be very serious, a number of drivers still supported the use of a 30 km/h speed limit on residential streets and favoured protecting the right of vulnerable street users. The logistic regression models developed in this study identified that the drivers who did not support the 30 km/h speed limit were associated with those who had committed traffic-law violations, who had negative beliefs about complying with the speed limit, who did not consider residents' opinions, who believed it is acceptable for them to drive at a high speed, and who felt it difficult to refrain from speeding. With regard to anti-speeding countermeasures, under drivers' point of view, streets should be designed to make the 30 km/h speed limit more credible, although this study also showed evidence supporting the application of public awareness programmes and social campaigns as speeding interventions. In addition, this research investigated drivers' speed choices in various specific driving circumstances, and six underlying factors affecting drivers' speed choices were determined. On the basic of the findings, the implications and suggestions for speeding interventions were also discussed.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a smartphone speed limit advisory application: An on-road study in Port-Harcourt,Nigeria

The development of mobile phone applications that provide speed limit advice and warnings offers opportunities for use of the technology in the improvement of driver safety. This paper looks at the effect of an advisory Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) application on driver speeding behaviour. Twenty participants (all males within the age range of 35–60 years) completed a within-group experimental design. Participants drove in real traffic on a 46 km test route which incorporated three-speed limits zones (50 km/h, 60 km/h, and 80 km/h speed limits) and aggregated into 10 different segments. Compared with baseline levels, possible impacts of ISA system functionalities on driver behaviour were studied through appropriate metrics including cumulative speed distribution, mean speed, speed deviation, 85th percentile speed, percentage distanced travelled above the speed limit, and safety benefit estimation. Results indicated the use of the ISA application led to significant improvement in speed limit compliance particularly in the 60 km/h and 80 km/h zones where speeding was eliminated. There were no observed negative effects on driver speeding behaviour from the use of the system. In general, the findings suggest the use of the ISA system, resulted in the adoption of vehicle speeds that are likely to improve road safety.     

Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety

This study investigates Canada's traffic safety culture (TSC) as part of a global research project. The TSC survey data collected by an online survey is used to predict drivers' perception of changes in traffic problems in the past 3 years, driver's support, opposition towards enforcement of additional traffic laws, and drivers' perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors. A two-step procedure is followed to build models. The first step includes feature selection using the chi-square test of independence. The second step comprises building classification models using the Random Forest technique. Results suggest that drivers' personal attributes like the number of accident records, driving frequency, geographic region of nationality, and religion are top predictor variables for drivers' perception towards changes in traffic problems. In addition, compared to others most drivers perceive distracted driving as a major traffic problem today. There is strong disapproval of drivers against the following driving behaviors and strong support to implement laws against it: speeding in school zones, talking on a hand-held cell phone, tying text messages or e-mails, drowsy driving, driving without wearing their seatbelt, drive with passengers not wearing seatbelts, running through red lights, and impaired driving. In contrast, following risky driving behaviors is less of a perceived threat: speeding over limit on a freeway, on a residential street, and in an urban area and talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving. In addition, a driver's accident record is a significant indicator for a perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors followed by age and accumulated demerit points. The results from this study can be used to guide educational campaigns to transform the traffic safety culture of target groups and make more informed policy decisions.     

一级公路路侧冲突强度与运行速度的相关性

一级公路是我国公路网中承担干线功能和集散功能的多车道普通公路形式.混行交通在我国公路交通中普遍存在,路侧冲突对交通流运行速度产生影响,定量分析路侧冲突对交通流的影响是公路设计的重要工作.通过调查驾驶员对不同路侧冲突类型的直观印象,为路侧冲突定义了4个强度等级,选择国内7个具有代表性的典型一级公路路段进行交通流数据观测,...     

双车道公路路侧净空与街道化对运行速度的影响

对22条双车道公路直线路段进行调查,获得了路侧净空与车辆运行速度的关系;以基准道路条件建立了路侧净空对运行速度的影响模型;采用R语言统计分析软件分析了街道化路段运行速度、建筑物距离和正常路段运行速度三者之间的相关关系,并采用统计回归的方法建立了街道化对运行速度的影响关系模型。结果表明:运行速度与路侧净空之间存在对数关系;街道化路段运行速度与建筑物距离相关性很强,而与正常路段运行速度相关性很低。     

郑州市经三路街道整治提质工程设计实践

近年,国家陆续对城市设计及城市更新提出了一系列要求。郑州作为国家中心城市,2019年已开始着手进行街道提升改造工作,2019年6月编制完成了《郑州市街道设计导则》,从规划、设计、建设与管理等层面进行系统指导。结合郑州市经三路街道整治提质规划设计实践,以提升街道环境与品质功能为出发点,从优化道路通行空间、提升绿化景观层次、整治街道建筑立面、拓展街区文化内涵等方面,对街道街区的设计方案进行了阐述。     

货车-两轮车前碰撞事故中骑行者运动学响应及损伤分析

为探究货车-两轮车前部碰撞事故中参与双方速度对骑行者运动学响应与损伤的影响,基于MADYMO软件开展事故重建并进行了分析。建立了货车和两轮车的多体碰撞模型,对一起货车前部碰撞两轮车事故进行了事故重建;使用验证后的模型进行了25组不同速度下的全因子仿真试验;分析了不同碰撞速度和骑行速度对骑行者运动学响应和损伤的影响。研究结果表明,骑行者身体旋转幅度会随着两轮车及货车车速的升高而增加;当货车速度超过 20 km/h时,骑行者头部损伤指标 （Head Injury Criterion,HIC） 与胸部3 ms加速度将超过阈值;而当货车速度超过25 km/h时,骑行者下肢接触力也超过阈值;货车速度处于 30～40 km/h时,相同货车速度下,骑行者头部 HIC值出现随着两轮车速度的增加而升高的趋势,而胸部加速度出现相反的趋势。     

城市行人过街速度研究

为研究城市平面行人过街的速度及差别,分别对哈尔滨市冬夏两季的信号交叉口、无信号交叉口、环形交叉口、路段人行横道和自由过街5种不同过街条件下的行人过街速度进行调查。分析了冬季与夏季和不同过街条件下行人过街速度的变化以及形成原因;分析了行人年龄、性别、人行横道长度、过街行人数量和绿灯时间对行人过街速度的影响;采用数理统计方法,用15%位速度作为行人过街的设计速度,提出冬夏两季不同过街条件下的行人过街设计速度推荐值。     

New tyre-road contact model for applications at low speed

Most of the tyre models have been developed for high speed, combined forces, etc., however, in certain tests it is necessary to know tyre behaviour at very low speed in order to evaluate different systems. So, during vehicle inspection and maintenance of the steering and brake system, by means of sideslip tester and roller brake tester respectively, the forces transmitted by the tyres are measured; all of these inspections are carried out at low speeds. Furthermore, usually, automobile vehicles run at low speeds during an important part of their operating life (less than 60 km/h), mainly during urban traffic, and in steady state conditions. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to develop an accurate model of the contact patch tyrepavement for low speeds without the complexity of models that cover a wide speed range but provide less precision at very low speeds. The dynamometer plate has proved to be an appropriate test equipment to characterise the tyre-pavement contact at low speed and the steering geometry and wheel alignment. It has the feature of being able to carry out tests with the tyre installed in the vehicle as in completely real conditions. The main aim of this research is to set up a contact model between tyre and pavement at very low speed based on the measurement of longitudinal and lateral forces. A test methodology that allows carrying out the experimental tests in a systematic and controlled way with the dynamometer plate has also been developed. From this model it will be possible to estimate the forces that tyres are capable of transmitting in different situations to act in the parameters which affect these forces and maximize them.     

山城重庆街道设计的实践与思考

街道作为城市公共生活的重要空间载体,应由传统的工程技术向空间艺术、整体风貌、人性化等方面延伸。结合山城街道的设计实践,从步行交通、公共空间、城市风貌和可持续发展的改造效果、实践难点等方面进行阐述,对促进为人为核心的街道设计提出思考。     

车速对交通安全的影响及管理研究

车速对交通安全有显著影响。通过分析车辆速度及其离散性对交通事故数量及其严重程度等方面的关系,认为：车速越高,其离散性越大,造成的交通事故数量、事故率以及事故后果严重性越大;相邻路段车辆运行速度差异越大也会增加道路交通的危险性。提出合理限制车速、减少速度离散性以及注重相邻路段车速协调性等速度管理措施。     

高速公路振动减速标线路段运行速度变化规律研究

选取山区高速公路3类代表性的振动减速标线进行了实地交通流检测。对不同检测断面的速度、交通流量等进行了统计分析;对各检测断面小车、大车速度分布的正态性进行了验证,研究了车辆通过3类振动减速标线的速度变化特征;利用回归分析方法,分别建立了高速公路振动减速标线路段小车、大车的运行速度变化规律模型,并针对模型所反映出的车辆在高速公路振动减速标线路段运行速度呈现先减速、后加速的变化特点,提出设置振动减速标线提醒标志、延长振动减速标线长度及组间距等安全管理建议。结果表明:模型与实测数据吻合较好。     

Comparative study between Korea and UK: relationship between driving style and real-world fuel consumption

It is known that differences in driving styles have a significant impact on fuel efficiency and driving styles are affected by various factors such as driver characteristics, street environment, traffic situation, vehicle performance, and weather conditions. However, existing knowledge about the relationship between driving style and fuel consumption is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship beteen driving style and fuel consumption. The analysis presented in this paper used data from three on-road experiments were conducted independently in two different countries, i.e. South Korea and the United Kingdom. In this study, 91 participants, consisting 44 UK drivers and 47 Korean drivers, were asked to drive approximately 28 km of UK road and 21 km of Korean road, respectively. Driving data, including real-time fuel consumption, vehicle speed, and acceleration pedal usage were collected. The results suggested that driving styles including average vehicle speed and average throttle position were highly correlated with the real-world fuel consumption, and the cultural factors, e.g. road environment, traffic design, and driver’s characteristics affected the driving styles and, consequently, fuel efficiency.     

高速公路养护维修作业区限速方法研究

限速是保障高速公路养护维修区交通安全的必要手段,但过低的限速值易造成作业区拥堵和较大的速度方差,反而不利于车辆安全通行.通过分析得到影响作业区通行能力的各种因素,根据作业区所能通过的最大小时交通量提出作业区通行能力的合理取值,以此为依据确定各种作业条件下不影响通行能力的限速值,并根据流量与速度的关系提出高速公路作业区的...     

公路平曲线路段大型车运行速度模型研究

从安全设计一致性理念出发,详细分析了驾驶员在高速公路自由流状态下平曲线路段的信息采集处理过程,认为大型车在平曲线路段的曲中点前后两部分运行速度是受不同的线形信息的影响,用大量的实测数据建立了相应的两阶段平曲线路段大型车运行速度统计模型。经过与实测速度对比验证,证明两阶段平曲线运行速度预测模型具有预测精度高、适用范围广的优点。这为利用运行速度制定公路线形设计标准提供了良好的数据支持,同时也为运行速度进行安全一致性审核提供了理论支撑。     

基于运行速度特征的公路平曲线设计半径推荐取值研究

基于多个研究课题在运行速度理论和模型方面的研究成果,通过分析不同类型公路运行速度预测模型,揭示出不同类型、设计速度公路的运行速度特点和规律及其与平曲线半径之间的关系,提出与路段运行速度对应的各级公路平曲线半径设计推荐取值范围。结果表明:所提出的关键技术指标取值为在公路路线设计与优化中实现定量化选用技术指标奠定了基础,有助于保证公路设计中关键技术指标取用的一致性和协调性。     

社会车辆速度及靠站时间对城市客车排放能耗的影响

为定量探究不同运行区域下社会车辆速度和靠站时间对城市客车排放耗电水平的影响,以燃气和纯电动公交车为研究对象,收集了5条公交线路共75万多条GPS数据和大量的浮动车辆数据,建立不同运行区域下城市公交车运行工况预测模型及排放能耗预测模型,并进行定量影响分析.结果显示:在道路区域下,社会车辆速度相较靠站时间对公交车排放能耗的...     

The link between traffic-related occurrence and annoyance

This paper examines the relationship between a respondent's estimate of a traffic-related occurrence and his/her level of annoyance with it. Factors such as traffic flow, speeding, parked cars, standard of the sidewalk, and cyclists on the sidewalk are tested. The data was collected in 2008 from a questionnaire study sent to circa 1400 residents living along four arterial streets in Malmö, Sweden. The results indicate that the respondents seem to associate the estimate of occurrence with a rather corresponding or lower level of annoyance. Deviations from these main results are mainly found for the oldest (> 64) age group where high estimate of occurrence is associated with low annoyance concerning some of the factors.     

基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区限速值计算方法

基于人体工程学原理,将驾驶员在高速公路作业区行驶过程中接触的交通信息分为道路几何信息、道路交通运行信息、交通管理控制信息、气候与环境信息及驾驶员自身信息,将作业区各种道路交通信息进行量化处理,在系统分析驾驶员对信息处理模式的基础上,提出了基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区车速速度限制值计算模型。以2006年5月哈大公路入口作业区为例,考虑车道宽度、开放车道数、隔离设施、合流机会、合流冲突及大车影响对驾驶员接受信息的量化影响,计算得出该作业区的限速值为50 km/h,与工程实际中采用的55 km/h吻合较好,验证了本文所提方法的有效性,为高速公路交通管理部门确定车辆速度限制标准提供了一种参考方法。     

基于交通流模型的道路权重计算方法研究

提出了一种基于交通流模型的计算道路权重方法。实施定点道路截面雷达试验并采集交通流信息,标定生成交通流速度-密度模型。通过此模型,利用出租车行驶数据库中各条道路车速数据计算各道路车流密度,根据各道路长度和密度推算道路权重。