香港地区实施ISM工作现状及思考

文中介绍了香港地区实施ISM规则(国际安全管理规则)机构、立法及实施的相关情况,着重分析了《香港商船(安全)条例》涉及ISM规则的有关规定和执行,总结了香港地区航运公司管理和实施ISM规则的特点,提出了国内ISM/NSM规则的实施及相关工作的建议。     

ISM规则在我国实施的现状

ISM规则作为国际性管理规则．它提供的是船舶安全营运和防止污染的管理标准。这些管理标准主要从安全管理、安全操作和维护以及防止污染三方面提供。ISM规则从管理出发．涉及到了公司及船舶安全和防止污染管理的各个方面。规则所要求的安全管理体系．不仅已经涉及到从事管理船舶安全和防止污染工作．从事相关审核的公司和船上的所有人员．而且也涉及到船籍国主管机关、港口国有关当局和船旗国主管机关认可的机构等。     

浅析港口国监督对《国际安全管理规则》的影响

根据PARIS MOU近几年港口国监督检查数据,探讨在目前低标准船大量存在的情况下,如何通过PSC影响船旗国履行ISM规则的力度,进一步有效发挥PSC对船旗国监督检查的补充作用,从而更好地保证海上安全、防止人员伤亡、避免对海洋环境的危害。     

ISM Code对船舶保险除外责任的影响

ISM规则的实施不仅对航运业而且对船舶保险业产生了深远的影响。文中通过总结和介绍ISM规则实施和船舶保险除外责任的变化来诠释这种影响之大,进而从法律的角度提醒广大船公司要更加有效地运行安全与防污染管理体系,避免在船舶保险中出现不应有的损失。     

ISM Code implementation: an investigation of safety issues in the shipping industry

Acknowledging that shipping safety continues to be a major topic of interest in the maritime community, the present study attempts to identify the critical factors of International Safety Management (ISM) Code implementation, to identify the dimensions that describe whether the ISM Code has fulfilled its intended purpose as well as to assess their interrelationships. Moreover, the present study aims to explore whether the fulfillment of the Code’s intended purpose is associated with accident reduction. Evidence was drawn from a sample of 63 masters and chief officers who have hands-on onboard experience on ISM Code implementation and data were analyzed through the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and binomial logistic regression. Findings indicate that the critical factors of ISM Code implementation can be categorized in the crew-related and the company-related dimensions. Also, the fulfillment of the intended purpose of the ISM Code consists of the factors of safety management system efficiency and increased safety, which were also found to be significantly associated with the crew-related dimension of ISM Code implementation. Finally, results showed that both safety management system efficiency and increased safety increase the probability of accident reduction at the highest level.     

实施ISM规则应注意的问题及对策

ISM规则已经实施多年，但国内一些航行国际航线的船公司对该规则仍处于初级熟悉的水平。分析了存在问题的原因，提出了一些相应对策。     

如何正确开展ISM规则的管理复查

通过介绍ISM规则所要求船公司管理复查的目的、内容、信息输入及管理复查的实施步骤,强调管理复查作为安全管理体系自我完善的重要性,以引起船公司的足够重视。     

充分发挥ISMCode效能的策略探讨

在ＩＳＭＣｏｄｅ即将强制生效之际，对如何增加执行Ｃｏｄｅ的公司数量、发挥ＳＭＳ的作用及营造有利的社会环境进行了探讨。提出了应正确对待引用外援构建ＳＭＳ，“船员响应”是ＳＭＳ运行效果的关键，“安全文化建设”有利于全面提高公司的安全管理素质和水平，“星级过渡”能使公司为追求最大经济利益而主动积极地改善安全管理等问题。强调在Ｃｏｄｅ生效后的长期主要任务是实现员工对ＳＭＳ的积极响应，国际海事界只有在Ｃｏｄｅ的善意基础上和谐合作与相互谅解，才能最大限度地发挥ＩＳＭＣｏｄｅ的效能、实现海上安全和保护海洋环境的目标。     

ISM规则修正案的理解与应用

《国际船舶安全营运和防止污染管理规则》（ISM规则）修正案已于2008年12月4日在第85届海安会上以第273号决议通过,并将于2010年7月1日起强制实施。文中结合船公司体系文件的修改,探讨对ISM规则的理解与应用。     

小型散货船公司在后ISM规则时期竞争策略研究

分析了ISM规则的实施对小型散货船公司带来的影响,提出了小型船公司在适应安全质量评估环境下增加其可靠性和保持竞争力的战略选择三种方式。     

ISM规则对船舶所有人在海损事故中责任义务的影响

为帮助海运从业人员(包括船舶经营人和光船承租人)深入了解并适应《国际船舶安全营运和防止污染管理规则》(ISM规则),结合案例对ISM规则的具体规定展开分析,提出ISM规则对船舶所有人的5点主要影响:(1)提高对船舶所有人"谨慎处理使船舶适航"义务的认定标准;(2)ISM规则文件化和程序化的要求提高船舶操作的透明度;(3)单纯从证据的角度看,ISM规则加大索赔人的证据力度;(4)增加船舶所有人主张单位责任限制权利的难度;(5)增加船舶所有人主张海事赔偿责任限制权利的难度。     

ISM规则实施十余年成效显著

“ISM规则实施以来，单船事故率从2003年的0．1163下降到2007年的0．0468，有效地提高了我国水上船舶交通安全和防污染管理水平。”在6月11日召开的国际海事研究委员会ISM分委会2009年工作会的工作报告中，提到了ISM规则实施以来的显著成效。     

The ISM Code and the ISPS Code: A critical legal analysis of two SOLAS regimes

Within the comprehensive body of law encompassed by the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), there are two regimes that are topical and outstanding in the current maritime milieu. These are the international safety management and the international ship and port facility regimes, both characterized by two codes serving as the centre of gravity of each, namely, the ISM Code and the ISPS Code, respectively. In this article the concept of the code as a legal instrument is perused following which a critical legal analysis is carried out of the two above-mentioned Codes, including their backgrounds, the evolutionary process culminating into the regimes and their interrelationships. Several anomalies and inadequacies in the two regimes are identified but in the final analysis it is concluded that both instruments are salutary additions to the body of convention law generated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They will undoubtedly influence the continuing development of international law in the field of maritime safety and security.     

严格履行ISM规则,确保船舶安全作业

ISM规则的台出和实施对船舶的安全管理产生重大的影响,ISM规则实施多年来,对船舶安全管理也带来了新的变化。通过剖析ISM规则对船舶安全作业的具体规定和要求,提出了进一步提高船舶安全作业管理水平的对策。     

按ISM规则设计船舶机务管理系统

基于服务器/客户端数据通信的基础上,按照ISM规则要求,讨论了船舶机务管理系统的设计。对船舶机务管理模式与功能进行了较为详细的讨论,提出了现代船舶管理公司船舶管理信息网建设方案与用于船岸之间信息交换的途径。该系统对于提高ISM管理水平具有重大作用。     

The human talent and its role in ISM Code effectiveness and competitiveness in the shipping industry

The present study empirically evaluates the role of human talent in the effective implementation of quality management systems in the shipping industry context. Specifically, we analyze the relationships among top management commitment to quality, ISM (International Safety Management) Code effectiveness and competitiveness as well as we assess the influence of talent in these associations. We test our research hypotheses using a sample of 199 shipping companies located in Greece. The findings show that ISM Code effectiveness acts as a mediator between top management commitment and shipping company competitiveness, while the different talent philosophies were found to moderate this relationship.     

An empirical assessment of ISM Code effectiveness on performance: the role of ISO certification

ABSTRACT

Although the introduction of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code aimed at increasing the safety standards in the maritime industry, several studies conducted so far argue for its inability to successfully fulfill its goals. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the ISM Code effectiveness by drawing analogy from similar applications of ISO 9001 effectiveness in service companies. It also aims to determine its impact on firm performance and differentiate between ISO and non-ISO-certified shipping companies. Findings indicate that ISM Code effectiveness consists of two dimensions, namely continuous improvement and customer satisfaction focus, and the significance of its contribution on improving company performance is revealed, especially in the case of ISO-certified shipping companies. Moreover, the continuous improvement dimension was found to affect performance at a greater extent.     

析船舶实施ISM规则中出现“不符合”项目的原因

总结了各港口国监督对船舶实施ISM检查的要点,针对检查中被经常列为“不符合”项目所造成的原因进行分析,得出具有指导意义的结论,以便国际航行船舶采取相应的措施。     

论《国际海运固体散装货物规则》的实施

文中就《国际海运固体散装货物规则》生效后,根据交通运输部海事局《关于执行<国际海运固体散装货物规则>有关事项的通知》要求,结合国内固体散装货物运输的现状,就海运固体散装货物申报、载运固体散装货物船舶申报进行了细致分析。对载运固体散装货物船舶提出了具体要求。针对检测机构,固体散装货物装、卸作业单位和海事机构监管工作提供了具有可操作性的参考。     

实施安全管理体系与关键是措施到位

我国实施安全管理体系已进入第六个年头,到10月底已取得DOC的中国旗船公司已有100多家,第二批应取证的中国旗公司基本上取得了DOC证书.我社签发DOC的方便旗船公司也已有41家,我社签发SMC的船舶有915条.从总体上讲,已实施ISM规则的船舶管理公司的管理水平已有了改进,安全、防污染工作上了一个台阶,相应的港口国记录也有明显的改善,这对提高企业的经济效益和市场竞争力产生了积极的影响.